chapter 2

Question 1

what makes a species?

Answer 1

• group reproductively isolated from other organisms (geographic, historic, behavioural) and branching off when barrier separates subpopulation)

Question 2

chordates

Answer 2

dorsal nerve cords

Question 3

vertebrates

Answer 3

bones protecting nerves

Question 4

primates

Answer 4

old world monkeys, hominids, modern humans

Question 5

apes

Answer 5

closest human living relative

Question 6

homo

Answer 6

evolved from australopithecus, 8 species 1 living, coexisted and intermated, used fire and tools, large brain cavity, walked upright

Question 7

rapid changes in humans due to

Answer 7

advantageous mutation or change in environment

Question 8

exaptations

Answer 8

evolved functions that were coopted to serve additional functions

Question 9

analogous traits

Answer 9

resulting from convergent evolution, similar solutions to same environmental problems

Question 10

homologous traits

Answer 10

from the same origin

Question 11

describe relationship b/w size of human brain and IQ

Answer 11

size does not equal IQ

Question 12

describe relationship b/w relative brain size and IQ

Answer 12

relative brain size does not affect IQ

Question 13

what is the best predictor of intelligence?

Answer 13

relative cerebrum to brain stem

Question 14

describe brains in related species

Answer 14

homologous in anatomy, structure, connectivity, and function

Question 15

epigenetics

Answer 15

regulation of gene expression by environment

Question 16

the majority of genes are

Answer 16

regulatory coding, non coding RNA that regulates RNA expression

Question 17

what does gene environment regulate?

Answer 17

methylation and histone acetylation by exercise/ diet and can be transgenerational

Question 18

twin studies proved what about epigenetics?

Answer 18

epigenetics are a byproduct of experience and not genetics