chapter 1 Flashcards
brain activity might produce
emotions, thoughts, dreams, memory, perceptions
brain activity might be modulated by
physiology, chemistry
what is the purpose of the nervous system?
produce, and control behaviour
neuroendrocrinology
hormones and behaviour
neurochemistry
neurochemicals and behaviour
psychopharmocology
effect of drugs on the brain, develops drugs
neuropathology
studies diseases brains
cognitive neuroscience
human brain imagining, neural underpinnings, humans
neuropsychology
patients run tests, neurological disorders
psychophysiology
assess how brain changes, ongoing physiology
neuroanatomy
understand areas of brain and functions
comparative psychology
across species to see fundamentals
advantages of human subjects
communication through feedback, experiences, follows instructions, human brain and behaviour, low maintenance, cost effective
disadvantages of human subjects
ethics must be non invasive, less information, attrition, uncontrolled lifestyle
why was the nun study informative?
more controlled lifestyle, studied predisposed behaviours for atrophy and cognitive refinement looked at idea density in autobiographies
what does evolutionary continuity and the comparative approach of psychology tell us?
insights into the role of function and behavioural differences, homology in chemical, and anatomical attributes, fundamental brain-behaviour interactions
what are the advantages of non-human subjects?
- invasive direct measurements of brain and behaviour can manipulate the brain with lesions, drugs, comparative approach, controlled lifestyles, simple nervous systems, less ethical constraints
what are disadvantages of non-human subjects?
cannot communicate, high maintenance, ethics cost; reduce and refine
what is the purpose of experiments?
to study causation
what is the goal of an experiment?
to have one possible explanation for effects observed
how can experiments be more efficient?
keeping method simple, avoid confounding/ extraneous variables
how can confounding variables be avoided?
treatment of control vs experimental conditions should be the exact same outside of the manipulation of the independent variable; within subjects design
Quasi Experimental studies
unethical to assign groups of human, need to examine the real world but cannot have random assignment or manipulation of independent variable
What are the drawbacks of Quasi experimental studies?
only correlational data, groups are self-assigned, cannot control confounding variables
case studies
focus on one subject in depth, cannot generalize but are informative and valuable in combination with experiments and studies
rodent studies of alcohol exposure show how
neurotoxic effects, interference with vitamin B metabolism, thiamine deficiency, brain damage in thiamine deficiency.
pure research
conducted for learning new information
applied research
conducted to benefit mankind
neural control of behaviour
direct (invasive manipulation and recording from brain, basic/ pure
behaviour on drugs
develop drugs to manipulate or treat brain, understand drug addiction
brain damage studies
case and Quasi experimental studies with heavy focus on cerebral cortex function, most applied
effect of brain on peripheral physiology
non-invasive, understand effect of psychology on body
neural basis of human cognition
human brain imaging, interdisciplinary methods and theory
evolutionary biology of behaviour
evolutionary psychology, behavioural genetics
what enables progress in biopsychology?
converging approaches that involves using different approaches to focus on the same problem.
