Chapter 2 Flashcards
According to Maslow, what is considered a higher-order need?
Aesthetic needs
Describe the development of middle school students
Onset of puberty leading to reproductive maturity, sudden growth spurts, and exhibition of risk-taking behaviors
Janice’s physical development is characterized by a steady growth in height and weight and an improvement in dexterity. She is also significantly taller than some of her classmates. Janice is most likely in which childhood stage?
Elementary school
Describe a child in the concrete operations stage
The child begins to think logically, and understands the concept of conservation
The level at which a child can almost but not completely grasp a concept or perform a task successfully is called the…
…zone of proximal development
Joanna has the capacity for adult-like thought. Her reasoning ability is maturing, and she has the capability for abstract reasoning. Joanna is most likely in which stage of childhood?
High school
List charactersitics that describe the cognitive development of middle school students
- Reasoning ability incresingly more abstract
- Increased ability to solve complex problems
- Often in a state of self-absorption
Jack and Sam are happily playing in the kitchen center at daycare. They are sharing the same space, but are not communicating. Which of the following types of play are Jack and Sam demonstrating?
Parallel play
Gabriel has a positive, overconfident self-concept. His self-concept is influenced heavily by family and society, and most of his emotional ties are with his family. Gabriel is most likely in which stage of childhood?
Early childhood
Joshua is capable of empathy towards people he doesn’t know. Socially, he tends to group with other boys, and he is increasingly concerned with making and keeping friends. Joshua is most likely in which stage of childhood?
Elementary school
A strong sense of fairness, a desire to help those less fortunate, and experiencing roller-coaster emotions are all character development characteristics of what stage?
Middle school
Mr. Johnson is the varsity football coach at Carver High School. He believes that girls are too emotional and fragile to play football on his team. Mr. Johnson is engaging in…
…gender stereotyping
Miss Crenshaw tends to call on her female students more often than her male students. She also tends to give more positive feedback and praise to her female students. Miss Crenshaw is demonstrating…
…gender bias
What percentage of the student population identifies themselves as gay or lesbian?
Between 5 and 10%
What is the fair and balanced treatment of boys and girls?
Gender equity
The categorization of students according to the physical characteristics they have at birth is called…
…race
List goals of multicultural education
- The creation of equal opportunities for students of all cultures
- The development of knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to function successfully in a diverse society
- The promotion of communication and interaction among groups that work for the common good
What is the delivery of instruction in two languages called?
Bilingual education
What percentage of Americans are Christian?
Over 90%
What percentage of American families live below the poverty line?
10%
Describe students from low-SES
- They may enter first grade having been read to about 25 hours, compared to 1,000 hours in middle-class homes
- They may be physically aggressive
- They very often attend schools with inadequate facilities and less-effective teachers
Tanya is a middle school student. Her strengths include goal setting and self-monitoring. She tends to act as a mediator, and uses self-reflection and self-discipline. According to Gardner, what is most likely Tanya’s strongest strength area?
Intrapersonal
According to Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, what is bodily-kinesthetic disposition?
Inclination for activities requiring strength, speed, and flexibility
Jon, an elementary school student, enjoys arts and crafts. He prefers manipulatives when being introduced to a topic. Jon’s prominent learning modality is likely…
…tactile
What percentage of American students receive special education services?
12%
What is PL 94-142, and how does it affect students?
PL 94-142 is the 1975 landmark legislation that made provisions for students with disabilities. It opened all public schools to students with disabilities and mandated that students with disabilities be given the opportunity to benefit from special education services at no cost to families.
Describe the characteristics of a student who is gifted and talented.
- Evidence of high-performance capabilities
- Intellectual, creative, artistic, or leadership ability well beyond average
- Excelling in specific academic fields
Maslow
All humans have the same needs
Piaget
Cognitive development 4 stages
Cognitive development
Intellectual development
Vygotsky
Zone of proximal development
Kohlberg
Stages of moral development
Gender stereotyping
Gender differences assumed for all people
Gender bias
Favoring one gender over another
Culture
Learned, shared, adaptive
Cultural identity
Interaction of many factors
Multicultural education
An approach celebrating diversity
Title I
Federal funding for schools where most students qualify for free lunch
Title IX
Helped correct inequitable treatment of males and females in schools
Multiple intelligences theory
Different ways of being smart
Learning modalities
Learning prefernces
Learning disabled
A general category of varied student disorders
504 plan
Safeguard for students that do not qualify them for special education services
Autism spectrum disorder
Disorder affecting how a person behaves, interacts with others, communicates, and learns
Education for All Handicapped Children
Education became a right rather than a privilege
IEP
A detailed plan for specific goals
Inclusion
Students with disabilities participate in academic, extracurricular, and other school activities alongside their nondisabled peers
