Chapter 2 Flashcards
History of behavior therapy
Behavior therapy
Changing or controlling overt/Observable behaviors
Pelebene alter??
Roman: believed human behavior was controlled by the gods. Dionysus
Concerned about excess drinking, how to stop people who abuse alcohol.
(First understand how people drink, explaining most important aspect of psychology since it leads to a theory and once you have a theory it is easier to find how to change/control behavior)
Functional analysis of behavior
Done by cognitive therapists (such as people who work w/ autism)
Tells us when and why people drink
When/Why do you/people drink?
Functional analysis
Behavior —> effect or consequences
Drinking —-> adds effects (pleasant flavor)
Pleasant consequences
Loquaciousness/talkative
Self-confidence
Sense of belonging
Removed:
Anxiety (central nervous depressant)
Problems are forgot
Functional analysis on drinking
Tells us when people drink and why. Had effects or consequences 1) Produces pleasant consequences Humans seek pleasure 2) Also removes unpleasantness Humans avoid pain (anxiety, stress)
Plébéiens
How to stop people from overt drinking?
Produce unpleasant consequences Putrefied spiders in drink Also did fermentation (Forfather behavior therapy) Antabuse-- given to people who have problems with alcohol-- combination produces horrible taste Aversion to good that made you sick
John locke
British philosopher
Born with a blank slate—we don’t have any ideas
Accumulate experiences which creta personality. Environment teaches behaviors
Wild boy of Aveyron, 1800
John-marc Itard- turn wild boy into civilized human
France, book
Forbidden experiment– would not put boy in initial conditions (sent to wild) on purpose
Developed techniques try to teach him to talk and eat and walk like we do, dress. Had a lot of challenges
Little girl in one bedroom. Genie, the secret of
Assigned to specialist to try to help her overcome such brutal environment. Had strange walk, couldn’t speak. Would hoard water and food
Maria Montessori
Used teaching techniques for viktor and genie
Alexander maconochie, 1840
North pole island. Supervise island near Australia
Developed system to control prisoners behavior
When they were appropriate/disciplined they would get a good mark then get more rights
Token economy
Behavior technique used in insane hospitals, late 1950’s
Probation
Special education
Earning tokens and then cash them in for something
Ivan pavlov
Nobel in physiology
Ended up studying a psychological processes
Pavlovian conditioning, classical conditioning
I’ve me a baby and I can turn him into any kind of man
The driving force of society is not love but fear
John B. Watson— behaviorism 1913– emotions unnecessary?
Relates to what philosophy?
Experimented on babies, at john hopkins. Checked reflexes
Babies have almost no fears but do have certain natural adversions. Not born afraid of dark.
“Little albert”
Political and social engineering for 20th century
Mary cover jones, 1924
Counter conditioning with something kid liked
E. Thorndike, 1898, “Law of effect”
Cat inside box. Have to find way out by pressing lever. Can a cat learn to get out of the box?
B.F. Skinner, 1930’s
Worked with rags and pigeons
Skinners box, press lever get treat
Willie mac and hobart mowrer, 1935
Solve an unsolvable problem.
Invent machine to help kids stop setting their bed
Bed wetting alarm, 1938, Enuresis
Systematic desensitization
Client step by step systematically desensitized to certain stimuli (from a feared object.)
Joseph wolpe
1950’s used edmund
Edmund jacobson
Physician, m.d
Studied relaxation, how body reacts under stress
Eric haughton & teodoro Allyon, late 1960’s
Working I psychiatric hospitals. Had patients who didn’t do much of anything. Just lay in bed.
Cna they Develop effective techniques to change these behaviors?
Knew of thorndike and skinners work (other behaviorists)
Little by little instituted some principles in which the lady was motivated to get out of the bed, walk and hold a broom.
Psychologist and clinical physiatrist believed and used freud’s therapy. (Psychoanalytic theory)
Albert bandura, 1960’s
Bobo the doll, stanford.
Agreed with pavolv about classical conditioning, and skinner w/ reinforcemen
can we teach kids to engage in a new behavior by just observing somebody else?
Social learning or observational learning
1st generation therapies
1950's-1960's to change overt behavior, that involve reinforcement and punishment Towing economies Used for effective Parenting training Exposure therapy. (classical conditioning) Pavlov Thorndike Skinner Watson
Application of behavioral therapy. BT
People w/:
In industry; organization beha mod/man
Developmental disabilities: people who engage in self-injurious & agression
Mental disorders in institutions: w/ chronic patients to help them socialize. Increase socialization, reduce aggression
Daily living skills: dressing taking baths
Education & Special ed: teaching methods
Hyperactivity
Rehabilitation-brain damage: physical therapy to reduce chronic pain, to recover language skills/thinking/memory
In communties: Reducing littering, drug use. Increase seat belt
Bla
Noah book
