Chapter 2 Flashcards
Psycologism
A tendency to explain social behaviour solely in terms of the psychological characteristics of individuals
Soldiering
The natural instinct and tendency of men to take it easy (Taylor)
Self-actualisation
To become self-actualised is ‘to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming (Maslow)
Contextual/hygiene factors
Salary, status, security, working conditions. Leads to dissatisfaction when wrong, but do not lead to satisfaction when right
Content/motivation factors
Achievement, advancement, growth, recognition. Have to be present, in addition to the contextual factors, before satisfactions can be produced and people motivated to perform well
Anomie
A form of social breakdown in which the norms which would otherwise prevail in a given situation cease to operate
Hawthorne effect
When humans are being studied, their performance usually improves
Symbolic interactionism
The study of social interaction which focuses on how people develop their concept of self through processes of communication in which symbols such as words, gestures and dress allow people to understand the expectations of others
Subjective career
The way an individual understands or makes sense of the way they have moved through various social positions or stages in the course of their life, or part of their life
Negotiated order
The pattern of activities which emerges over time as an outcome of the interplay of the various interests, understandings, reactions and initiatives of the individuals and groups involved in an organisation
Ethnometodology
The study of how ordinary members of society in their everyday lives make the world meaningful by achieving a sense of taken-for-grantedness
Productive relations
The essentials people need to survive (Marx)
Homo faber
A working, labouring, productive, constructive being
