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Learning and Behavior > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

abolishing operation

A

a procedure that decreases the appetitiveness or aversiveness of a stimulus

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2
Q

appetitive stimulus

A

an event that an organism will seek out

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3
Q

aversive stimulus

A

an event that an organism will avoid

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4
Q

baseline

A

the normal frequency of a behavior prior to an intervention

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5
Q

changing-criterion design

A

a type of single-subject design in which the effect of the treatment is demonstrated by how closely the behavior matches a criterion that is systemically altered

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6
Q

Comparative design

A

A type of group design in which different species constitute one of the independent variables

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7
Q

Contingency

A

A predictive relationship between two events such that the occurrence of one event predicts the probable occurrence of the other

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8
Q

Control group design

A

A type of group design in which, at its simplest, subjects are randomly assigned to either an experimental (or treatment group) or a control group

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9
Q

Covert behavior

A

Behavior that can be subjectively perceived only by the person performing the behavior. Thoughts and feelings are covert behaviors. Also known as private events or private behavior.

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10
Q

Cumulative recorder

A

A device that records total number of responses overtime and provides a graphic depiction of the rate of response.

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11
Q

Dependent variable

A

That aspect of an experiment That is allowed to freely vary to determine if it is affected by changes in the independent variable

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12
Q

Descriptive research

A

Research that focuses on describing behavior and the circumstances behavior and the circumstances within which it occurred

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13
Q

Duration

A

The total amount of time that an individual repeatedly or continuously performs a certain behavior

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14
Q

Establishing an operation

A

A procedure that increases the appetitiveness or aversiveness of the stimulus

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15
Q

Experimental research

A

A research method in which one or more independent variables are systemically varied to determine their effect on a dependent variable

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16
Q

Functional relationship

A

The relationship between changes in the independent variable and changes in the dependent variable; A cause-and-effect relationship with

17
Q

Factorial design

A

A type of group design in which one examines the effects of two or more independent variables (or factors) across groups of subjects

18
Q

Group design

A

A type of experimental research in which one manipulates one or more independent variables across groups of subjects

19
Q

Independent variable

A

That aspect of an experiment that is made to systemically vary across the different conditions in an experiment

20
Q

Intensity

A

The force or magnitude of a behavior

21
Q

Interval recording

A

The measurement of whether or not a behavior occurs within a series of continuous intervals (The number of times the behavior occurs within each interval is irrelevant)

22
Q

Latency

A

The length of time required for a behavior to begin

23
Q

Motivating operation

A

A procedure that affects the appetitiveness or aversiveness of a stimulus. (There are two types: Establishing operations and abolishing operations)

24
Q

Multiple baseline design

A

A type of single-subject design in which a treatment is instituted at successive points in time for two or more persons settings or behaviors

25
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

A descriptive research approach that involves the systemic observation and recording of behavior in its natural environment

26
Q

Overt behavior

A

Behavior that can potentially be observed by an individual other than the one performing the behavior

27
Q

Rate of response

A

The frequency with which a response occurs in a certain period of time

28
Q

Response

A

A particular instance of a behavior

29
Q

Reversal design

A

A type of single-subject design that involves repeated alternations between a baseline period and a treatment period.

30
Q

Single comparison design

A

A research design that requires only one or a few subjects in order to conduct an entire experiment (Also known as single-case or small-n designs)

31
Q

Spatial contiguity

A

The extent to which events are situated close to each other in space

32
Q

Speed

A

The length of time required to perform a complete episode of behavior from start to finish

33
Q

Stimulus

A

an event that can potentially influence behavior (plural is stimuli)

34
Q

Temporal contiguity

A

The extent to which the events occur close together in time

35
Q

Time-sample recording

A

The measurement of whether or not the behavior occurs within a series of discontinuous intervals (The number of times that it occurs within each interval is irrelevant)

36
Q

topography

A

the physical form of a behavior

37
Q

variable

A

a characteristic of a person, place or thing that can change (vary) over time

Learning and Behavior (6 decks)

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