Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the 3 main parts of the personality that Freud suggests?

Answer 1

• Id: Instinctual desire (thirsty so grab slurpy)
• Super ego: Internalized standards (You can’t grab the slurpee, thats so rude)
• Ego: mediates between urges and outside world (you can’t grab the slurpee but you can get your own)

Question 2

Explain what psychoanalysis is?

Answer 2

Examination of the patients life in order to correct and balance disruption in their personality

Question 3

What are the 5 stages in Freudian psychology, what age are they at, erogenous zone and activities?

Answer 3

1. Oral: 0-2: Mouth: Sucking, biting, chewing
2. Anal: 2-4: Anus: Bowel and bladder control
3. Phallic: 4-6: Genitals: Masturbation
4. Latency: 6-puberty: NA: repression of sexual desire
   5: Genital: puberty-onwards: Genitals: sexually mature

Question 4

What are the pros and cons of psychodynamic theory?

Answer 4

Pro: first to talk about childhood personality development, provided a therapeutic approach

Con: Overemphasis on sex (male perspective/gaze), flawed clinical data, not falsifiable

Question 5

Explain the 3 factors of Classical conditioning.

Answer 5

• the unconditioned stimulus: food
• the neutral stimulus: bell
• the conditioned response: drool at bell

Question 6

How would classical conditioning be used to treat unwanted fetish?

Answer 6

Unconditioned stimulus: fetish
Neutral stimulus: salt pill
Conditioned response: lack of arousal from fetish

Question 7

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 7

Conditioning using negative or positive reinforcement

Question 8

What are the 2 primary reinforcers?

Answer 8

Sex and Food

Question 9

Does Reinforcement increase or decrease behaviour?

Answer 9

Increase! Positive reinforcement adds something positive and negative reinforcement decreases something negative

Question 10

Will punishment increase or decrease a behaviour?

Answer 10

Decrease. Positive punishment adds something unpleasant and Negative punishment takes away something positive

Question 11

Give an example of how Operant conditioning can be used to change an unwanted fetish?

Answer 11

Positive Punishment: Pain every time you see the fetish

Question 12

What is social learning theory?

Answer 12

We learn behaviours from behaviours modelled to us

Question 13

Explain how Social learning theory could help someone deal with an unwanted fetish?

Answer 13

They can practice behavioural rehearsals; see good behaviour modelled and then practice

Question 14

What is social exchange theory?

Answer 14

Describes how people try to maximize gain/reward and minimize loss/cost.

Question 15

Use social exchange theory to explain how someone with an unwanted fetish may be able to deal with that scenario?

Answer 15

Find a partner that is open and willing to the fetish or a partner that’s willing to help?

Question 16

What are the 4 components of Social exchange theory?

Answer 16

1. Risk assessment: balance of reward and cost
2. Equality/Equity
3. Comparison level
4. Comparison level for alternative

Question 17

What do cognitive theories look at?

Answer 17

Cognitive theories look at how thought processes influence behaviour

Question 18

If someone has a unwanted fetish, how could they correct it using cognitive theory?

Answer 18

Examine the thought processes that make other methods of arousal unsatisfying, maybe some false belief can be removed and other things, disconnected from the fetish, can also become a source of arousal

Question 19

What are the 2 biological theories of sexuality?

Answer 19

1. Genetic theory 2. Sociobiological theory

Question 20

What is genetic theory?

Answer 20

Examining the effect of genetics on behaviour, including on hormones, sexual orientation, reproductive cycles

Question 21

What is socio biological theory?

Answer 21

Socio-biological theory uses evolutionary biology to explain social behaviours

Question 22

What is the Dual control method trying to explain?

Answer 22

Claims that biological and physiological factors interact

That sexual responses are governed by excitement and inhibition

Question 23

What is sociological theory?

Answer 23

When institutions such as religion, family, or culture govern how sexuality is expressed

Question 24

What is social script theory?

Answer 24

The idea that we follow the path of “normal” in society so that our lives are easier

Question 25

What is the ecological model?

Answer 25

The idea that social and psychological aspects will influence our sexuality

Question 26

What does feminist theory have to say about sexuality?

Answer 26

That the “norm” is usually based on the male perspective

Question 27

What does queer theory have to say about sexuality?

Answer 27

That most of the things we take as “norm” are based on het perspective