Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is a disk sector?
A subdivision of a track
Can which subdivision size of a drive can be changed?
An allocation unit (a.k.a a block or a cluster), NOT a sector
What is the smallest amount of disk space that can be used when storing a file?
An allocation unit
What is the term for space wasted in allocation units that are large than the file stored?
Slack space
What technique can be used to increase disk performance on volumes with large files?
Increase the allocation unit size
What is the default allocation size for an NTFS volume under 16 TB?
4,096 bytes
What is the size of IO operations that Hyper-V uses for VHD files?
512 bytes
What is the size of IO operations that Hyper-V uses for VHDX files?
4,096 bytes
What setting can adversely affect the performance of Hyper-V disks?
Setting the allocation unit size smaller than the size of Hyper-V’s IO operations
What does GPT stand for?
GUID partition table
What are some disadvantages of MBR partition tables?
The boot sector is stored only in place at the beginning of the disk
Only 4 partitions are supported
Partitions are limited to 2 TB in size, because partition entries are 32-bit
What are some improvements brought by GPT?
The partition info is stored in multiple locations with CRC info to detect corruption
Volume size support up to 18 exabytes
Supports unlimited numbers of partitions, though Windows limits to 128 per disk
What is required to boot from a GPT disk?
An EFI-based boot partition, UEFI firmware, and a 64-bit version of Windows (at least Server 2008 or Vista)
What is the default parition style created by Server Manager in Server 2016?
GPT, it has no controls supporting MBR
What is the default parition style created by the Disk Management MMC?
MBR
Is Server 2016 available in 32-bit?
No
What type of boot sector does a Hyper-V Generation 1 VM require?
MBR
What type of boot sector does a Hyper-V Generation 2 VM require?
UEFI
What is the maximum size of a VHD?
2 TB
What versions of Windows are VHDs compatible with?
Server 2008 or Windows 7 and above
What is the maximum size of a VHDX?
64 TB
What versions of Windows are VHDXs compatible with?
Server 2012 or Windows 8 and above
What tools can be used to create VHDs and VHDXs?
The Disk Management MMC or PowerShell’s New-VHD cmdlet
What PowerShell commands are used to create a VHD?
Install-WindowsFeature -Name Hyper-V-PowerShell
New-VHD -Path c:\disk.vhdx -SizeBytes 100GB
What is the default size allocation type for VHD’s created by PowerShell?
Dynamic
What PowerShell option is used to create a fixed-size VHD?
-Fixed
What options are used to create a differencing disk in PowerShell?
- ParentPath # Specifies the parent disk
- Differencing # Specifies that a differencing disk be created
What option is used in PowerShell to copy a physical disk to a VHD?
-SourceDisk
What tools can be used to mount a VHD?
Disk Management MMC or the Mount-DiskImage or Mount-VHD cmdlets in PowerShell
What module is the Mount-DiskImage cmdlet included with?
Storage
What module is the Mount-VHD cmdlet included with?
Hyper-V
What PowerShell commands are used to mount disk images?
Mount-DiskImage -ImagePath c:\image.vhdx
Mount-VHD -Path c:\image.vhdx
What features does NTFS provide that are improvements of FAT?
ACL security Long file names Volume sizes up to 16 TB (w/ default 4KB allocation) or 256 TB (w/ 64KB allocation) File compression Encrypting file System (EFS) Quotas Volume Shadow Copy Resizing
What is the maximum volume size supported by FAT?
4 GB
What is the maximum file size supported by FAT?
2 GB
What is the maximum volume size supported by FAT32?
While its theoretical maximum size is 2 TB, Windows will not apply this format to a drive larger than 32 GB
What is the maximum file size supported by FAT32?
4 GB
What two NTFS features are incompatible with each other?
File compression and EFS
What is the maximum volume size supported by ReFS?
1 yobibyte
What is the maximum file size supported by ReFS?
16 exabytes
What filesystem is recommended by Microsoft for data storage?
ReFS
What versions of Windows can read ReFS?
Server 2012 or Windows 8.1 and above
When is the Share With tab available in File Explorer?
If you are the Creater Owner of a folder
What sharing permissions are available in the Share With tab of File Explorer?
Users and Read or Read/Write permissions
What tool provides the most control for configuring file shares?
File And Storage Services in Server Manager
What two types of file sharing protocols are supported by Server 2016?
Server Message Block (SMB) and Network File System (NFS)
What storage role is installed by default in Server 2016?
Storage Services role
What storage role service must be installed to manage SMB shares in Server Manager?
File Server role service
What role service must be installed to create NFS shares?
Server for NFS role service
What PowerShell command is used to install SMB share management?
Install-WindowsFeature -Name FS-FileServer
What PowerShell command is used to install NFS share management?
Install-WindowsFeature -Name FS-NFS-Service
What is the “SMB Share - Quick” profile used for?
Basic sharing with full share and NTFS permissions
What is the “SMB Share - Advanced” profile used for?
Providing additional services, such as access-denied assistance, folder classification, and quotas
What role service is required to use “SMB Share - Advanced” profile?
File Server Resource Manager
What is the “SMB Share - Applications” profile used for?
Hyper-V, databases, and other applications that require special sharing settings
Which SMB sharing option prevents users from searching through folders they cannot access?
Enable Access-Based Enumeration
Which SMB sharing option allows clients to keep copies of files on their local drives?
Allow Caching Of Share
Which SMB sharing option allows for file access from clients at remote locations?
Enable BranchCache On The File Share
Which SMB sharing option makes the server encrypt files before transmitting to the client?
Encrypt Data Access
What is the “NFS Share - Quick” profile used for?
Basic NFS sharing with authentication and permissions
What is the “NFS Share - Advanced” profile used for?
Provides full share and NTFS permissions, plus access-denied assistance, folder classification, and quotas
What role service is required to use “NFS Share - Advanced” profile?
File Server Resource Manager
What are the default permissions of shares created with File Explorer?
Everyone - Allow Read
What are the default permissions of shares created with Server manager?
Everyone - Allow Full Control
What access is determined by share permissions vs. NTFS permissions?
Share permissions determine access from the network, whereas NTFS permissions determine access from both the network and the filesystem
What are the three types of share permissions available?
Full Control, Change, and Read
What extra permissions does Full Control have over Change permissions?
The ability to change file permissions and to take ownership of files
How are parent folder sharing permissions related to subfolder sharing permissions?
They are not related: a user principle’s access is determined by each share they directly attempt to access
What PowerShell command is used to create a new SMB file share?
New-SmbShare -Name ShareName -Path c:\folder
What PowerShell options are used to delegate access to an SMB share?
- FullAccess [group]
- ReadAccess [group]
- ChangeAccess [group]
- NoAccess [group]
What PowerShell option determines the number of users who can access an SMB share?
-ConcurentUserLimit
0 means unlimited
What PowerShell options are available to determine caching for SMB shares?
None Manual # Select files Programs Documents BranchCache
What PowerShell option is used to create an SMB share that only persists to the next reboot?
-Temporary
What PowerShell cmdlet is used to view active SMB sessions?
Get-SmbSession
What PowerShell cmdlet is used to terminate an active SMB session?
Close-SmbSession
What variables can be used to determine which SMB sesssion to terminate?
Session ID, computer name, username, or the open file
What PowerShell cmdlet is used to delete an SMB share?
Remove-SmbShare -Name ShareName
What PowerShell cmdlet is used to view SMB share access?
Get-SmbShareAccess -Name ShareName
What PowerShell cmdlet is used to provide SMB share access?
Grant-SmbShareAccess -Name ShareName -AccountName [account] -AccessRight []
What PowerShell cmdlet is used to remove SMB share access?
Revoke-SmbShareAccess