Chapter 2

Question 1

Atorvastatin

Answer 1

Hypolipidemic agents

Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, blockade of synthesis of cholesterol precursor- mevalonic acid in liver, increases number of hepatic LDL receptors on the cell surface to enhance uptake and catabolism of LDL, thus lowering plasma lipoprotein and cholesterol levels, hypolipidemic, pleiotropic( enchanted stability of atherosclerotic plaques) effects

Dyslipidemias, prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases

Question 2

Atovoquone/ Proguanil

Answer 2

Antiinfective, Anti parasitic

A. Inhibition of function of mitochondrial membrane
P. Inhibition of dihydrofolatereductase
Shizontocide action, sporonticide action

Treatment and prophylaxis of malaria

Question 3

Atropine

Answer 3

M cholinoblocker

Non selective blockade of M cholinoreceptors, positive chronic and dromotropic effects, spasmolytic, secretolytic, prolonged mydriatic actions

Systemic: a) symptomatic sinus bradycardia, blockade of AV node
b) preop to reduce secretion of salivary glands
c) antidote in case of poisoning with muscarine containing mushrooms and anticholinergic drugs
Local use: myadriasis and cycloplegia for ophthalmic investigations

Question 4

Benzalkonium

Answer 4

Antiseptic (cationic detergent) Vaginally spermicide

Destruction of cell membrane lipid layer, bactericidal, fungistatic, virucidal actions plus spermicidal

Prophylaxis of infections
Local contraception

Question 5

Benzylpenicillin G

Answer 5

Antiinfective, Betalactam antibiotics, Penicillin 1st gen

Blockade of cell wall synthesis l, inhibition of transpeptidase, narrow spectrum, bactericidal

Treatment of infections caused by Gram pos and Gram neg that are sensitive to this antibacterial agent, pneumonia,meningitis

Question 6

Betahistine

Answer 6

Antivertigo, H1 agonist, H3 antagonist

Agonist of H1-vasodilation, antagonist of H3 in inner ear, inhibition of vestibular nuclei

Menieres syndrome (vertigo, tinnitus 
, loss of hearing and nausea)

Question 7

Bevacizumab

Answer 7

Antineoplastic agent, recombinant humanized monoclonal IgGI antibobdy

Binds to VEGF and inhibits the interaction of VEGF to receptors on the surface of endothelial cells. In the process, it prevents the proliferation of endothelial cells and formation of new blood vessels, antiblastic action

Neoplasms( breast, colorectal, lung, renal) Age related macular degeneration

Question 8

Bisacodyl

Answer 8

Chemical irritating stimulant laxative

Directly enhances peristaltic of intestines: additionally has osmotic effect in the colon, laxative effect

Constipation

Question 9

Bisoprolol

Answer 9

Beta adrenoblocker( cardio selective) Antiarr agents class II

Selective blocker of beta 1 adrenoreceptors. Negative ino, chrono( reduce oxygen demand in myocardium), negative dromotropic, reduce secretion of renin

Phase 2: decrease influx of calcium in cardiomyocytes
Phase 0 and 4: decrease influx of calcium in SA and AV nodes
Cardiodepressive, antiarr, hypotensive

AH, CHD, CAD, AF

Question 10

Bromazepam

Answer 10

Anxiolytics, BZF group

GABA A allosteric modulator. Non selective binding to alpha subunit on BZD receptor, enhance affinity of GABAA to endogenous ligand. GABA- hyperpolarization of cell membrane. Long action. Anxiolytic, myorelaxant, myorelaxant, antiseizure and hypnotic action. Long term use cause dependence

Psychiatric and psycho neurotic disease