Chapter 2 Flashcards
Demographics 5
age occupation education income level marital status
motivators
business or pleasure
psychographics
personality, behaviours, likes and dislikes
Business Guests
35% of all airline seats
meeting & conventions are the 2 main reasons for business travel
Main Types of Business Travellers (4)
Frequent Business Travellers
Luxury Business Travellers
Female Business Travellers
International Business Travellers
Frequent Business Travellers
stay repeatedly in the same hotels (which offer them specialized services)
staff members are encouraged to remember the guests (their likes/dislikes) and names
Luxury Business travellers
desire the best of travel experiences these guests are not concerned w cost but consider service attitude extremely important
Female Business Traveller
in 2000 they made up 50% of the business tourism market
female travellers travelling alone have somewhat different needs
more concerned w safety and is more likely to order room service
International Business Traveller
this segment is down due to higher costs
many companies are using internet conferences as a viable alternative to travel
language services are extremely important to this segment
Motivation: The Pleasure Guest
discretionary time
discretionary income
Family life stage
Discretionary Time
empty-nest
young-singles
have way more time for vacations
psychographics
using behaviour or motives to categorize travellers
helps hosts understand the the activities, interests, opinions, personalities and likes/dislikes of a guest
Allocentric
Risk Takers. Prefers to go where no foot has trod before and is willing to go w/o normal conveniences of life in order to gain a fuller travel experience.
Africa, South Pacific
psycocentrics
“arm chair” travellers
some of whom prefer to get their travel experiences watching tv and speciality travel networks
seeks communities that feel like home- disney land etc
VFR is a common motivator
VFR
visiting friends and relatives ( as a motivator for travel)
Midcentric
travel to obtain a break in their routine
although they enjoy a change of pace, they are not likely to choose a vacation that deprives them of the basic comforts of life
as we age we are more likely to fall into this category
extrovert
is an individual who is outgoing and uninhibited in interpersonal situations. they look to interact w the locals and go to their bars/restaurants to intermingle and make new friends
introvert
is more concerned w personal thoughts and feelings and is more likely to eat in a quite comfortable restaurant
Internal Locus of Control
believe that they are in charge of what happens in their lives and that they control their own destiny
External Locus of Control
people believe that events are predetermined by other powerful individuals, fate, or chance and accept that what will be, will be.
Pull Factors
external things that draw guests to a destination and continue to be an important reason for travel
friends, relatives, celebrities, public figures, scenic areas, historic areas, educational events, recreational events, cultural events, sports events
Push Factors
are those foces, needs, motivations and ways of thinking that come from w/in us. generated from our inner self and include the following:
adventure, challenge, escape, kinship, novelty, prestige, rest and relaxation, self-discovery
Tourism & Terrorism (List 4 Events)
September 11
War in Iraq
SARS in TO
BSE (Mad Cow Disease)
Maslow’s Hierarchy
Self Actualization Ego Social Safety Physiological
Physiological Needs (Travel)
simple and generate motivators such as escape from cold climate, break from stress, and physical relaxation
(accommodations, transportation and food)
Safety Needs (Travel)
Rests w governments- police medical services
Social Needs (Travel)
VFR- visiting friends and relatives is the most common pleasure motivator
Ego/Esteem
persons need to feel important and special
included are trips to see the olympics or special events, incentive travel (awards for performance) and the need for special service such as gold memberships or first class services
keeping up with the jones
Self-Actualization
achieving ones full potential as a human being
self guided walking tours through vineyards of bordeaux to learn the language
MacIntosh & Goeldner Motivators (4)
Physical Motivators
Cultural Motivators
Interpersonal motivators
Status/Prestige Motivators
Physical Motivators
directly related to health. sports participation, relaxation, health treatments, or fat farm attendance (curative health motivators)
Cultural Motivators
are a desire to learn more about the music, architecture, food, art and folklore or religion of other people
steam from a curiosity to experience another way of life
Interpersonal Motivators
VFR or escaping FR
Status and Prestige Motivators
need for regonition, attention, appreciation and good reputation
SATH
Society for Accessible Travel and Hospitality
$81.7 billion on travel products
75% of people w disabilities eat out at least once a month
Individual Barriers to Travel (8)
Cost Lack of Time Accessibility, Distance or Ease of Travel Health/Disabilities Travel Tastes & Experience Education Age Fear
Tourism Illiteracy
the condition of not knowing or understanding the benefits of tourism
Benefits of Tourism (10)
Economic Diversification Cultural Preservation Better Food Service/Entertainment/Shopping Enhanced Travel Area Beautification Tax Revenue Foreign Capital Recreational/Educational Facilities Modernization (infrastructure-roads/airports) Favorable World Image
Barriers To Tourism Acceptance (9)
Crime/Unwanted Behaviour Air/h2o/noise pollution Congestion Local Resentment inflation seasonality leakage increases in cost of services diversion of government funds
GV. Doxey’s Levels of Index of Tourist Irritation
Stage 1: Level of Euphoria Stage 2: Level of Apathy Stage 3: Level of irritation Stage 4: Level of anatagonism Stage 5: The Final level
Level of Euphoria
positive vibrations occur as tourist $$ begins to flow, additional jobs and resources have a positive impact on the community. visitors are greeted happily
Level of Apathy
residents begin to take advantage of the tourist, inflation may have negative impacts on locals. tourists and their financial resources are taken advantage of
Level of Irritation
when the industry is nearing saturation- local residents become annoyed by the # of tourists
Level of Antagonism
irritation becomes more vocal & tourists are blamed for all the negative occurrences such as crime. At this stage there may be irreversible changes in local culture and moral attitudes
The Final Level
local residents forget that they way they lived was what first attracted tourists, they are unable to deal with the changes brought about by the increase in tourism
WHTI
western hemisphere travel initiative (security measures pass by the US)
Industry Canada
responsible for the overall well being of the tourism sector
FAC
Foreign Affairs Canada
responsible for issuing canadian passports and canadian entrance visas.
CBSA
Canada Border Service Agency
responsible for checking travel documents
Parks Canada Agency
independent agency reporting to Environment Canada overseas the national parks, 131 historic sites
Transport Canada
overseas the regulation of our transport system and helps with the building and maintenance of the transportation infrastructure
CTC
Canadian Tourism Commission
NCC
National Capital Commission
independent legal entity created by Parliament to ensure that public policies pursed on behalf of the National Capital region benefit all Canadians.
HR Challenges (10)
Industry Image (hamburger flippers) Unskilled Labour Poor Training Practices Poor Attitude/ Self Image high Turnover Shrinking Labour Pool demand for qualified workers poorly trained managers language barriers lack of recognition of institutional training
TEC
Tourism Education Council
overseen by the CTHRC
Occupational Standards
documents outlining the skills, knowledge and attitudes (SKA) that an individual must demonstrate and practice to be deemed competent in a given occupation
SKA
skills, knowledge and attributes
emerit
a program offered by the CTHRC makes training easily accessible from your home computer
morals
ability to make a distinction btwn right and wrong
ethics
a system or code of morals of a particular person, religion, culture, group or profession
