Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are co-morbidities?
Diseases linked obesity, and are often found in combination with other diseases
Common co-morbidities
Diabetes Heart disease Hypertension Stroke Respiratory complications Cancer Dyslipidemia Syndrome X Musculoskeletal issues Depression
Types of diabetes
Type 1 - body does not produce insulin to convert glucose into energy
Type 2 - Pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore it
Benefits of exercise for diabetes
Daily glucose control
insulin sensitivity
Diabetes exercise guidelines
Cardiorespiratory:
Frequency - 3-7 days/wk
Intensity - moderate to vigorous(50-80% HRR)
Duration - 20-60mins depending on intensity level
Resistance training:
Include all major muscle groups
sets - 2-3
repetitions - 3-12 reps at 50-80% 1RM
Frequency - 2-3 days/wk with at least 2 days between
Heart Disease
term used to refer to a number of conditions involving a diseased heart
Types of heart disease
Myocardial Infarction
Coronary Heart disease
Factors that contribute to heart disease
Obesity physical inactivity family history high cholesterol smoking hypertension diabetes high fat diet emotional stress Type A personality traits
Hypertension is commonly referred to as
High Blood pressure
normal blood pressure
<120/80
Hypertension readings
> 140/90
pre-hypertension readings
130-139/80-89
Exercise guidelines for Heart Disease clients
Cardiorespiratory: Frequency - 3-7 days/wk intensity - moderate to vigorous(40-60% HRR) Duration - 30-60 minutes depending on intensity Resistance Training: Include all major muscle groups Sets - 1 set repetitions - 8-12 reps frequency - 2-3 days/wk
Respiratory Complications
Shortness of breath during mild exercise
Asthma
Sleep apnea
Exercise Guidelines for respiratory complications
Cardiorespiratory: Frequency - 3-5 days/wk Intensity - one's own tolerance Duration - 20-60 mins depending on intensity Resistance Training: include all major muscle groups Sets - 1 set repetitions - 3-20 reps frequency - 2-3 days/wk, 48hrs rest between
What is Metabolic Syndrome(syndrome X)?
3 or more cardiovascular disease risk factors
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease
abdominal obesity high triglycerides Low HDL-C elevated blood pressure elevated fasting glucose prothrombotic state proinflammatory state Age Hormone imbalances Physical inactivity
Key to managing metabolic syndrome
Life style modifications - exercise and diet
Exercise guidelines for Syndrome X
Cardiorespiratory: Frequency - 5 days/wk Intensity - moderate(40-60% HRR) Duration -20-60 mins depending on intensity Resistance Training: include all major muscle groups Sets - 1 set repetitions - 10-15 reps frequency - minimum 2 days/wk
Musculoskeletal issues affect?
Muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments
symptoms of musculoskeletal issues
pain weakness stiffness decreased range of motion Low back pain(LBP) - second most common condition treated by primary care physicians today
Exercise guidelines for Musculoskeletal issues
Cardiorespiratory: Frequency - 3 days/wk Intensity - low to moderate(40-80% HRR) Duration - 20-30mins, symptoms dependent Flexibility - stretch tight muscles, minimum 20 secs each Resistance Training: focus on core musculature Sets - 1-2 sets repetitions - 10-15 reps frequency - minimum 2 days/wk
It’s important to inquire about medications with obese individuals. Why?
The favored approach by physicians is to prescribe medications along with diet and exercise. Medications can influence how the body responds to exercise.
Common medications prescribed to overweight/obese clients
Beta blockers calcium channel blockers diuretics anti-arrhythmic agents bronchodilators anti-depressants hypoglycemic agents (insulin and oral) Appetite suppressants (sibutramine) Lipase inhibitors (Orlistat)
