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NASM WLS > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are co-morbidities?

A

Diseases linked obesity, and are often found in combination with other diseases

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2
Q

Common co-morbidities

A 
Diabetes
Heart disease
Hypertension
Stroke
Respiratory complications
Cancer
Dyslipidemia
Syndrome X
Musculoskeletal issues
Depression
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3
Q

Types of diabetes

A

Type 1 - body does not produce insulin to convert glucose into energy
Type 2 - Pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore it

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4
Q

Benefits of exercise for diabetes

A

Daily glucose control

insulin sensitivity

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5
Q

Diabetes exercise guidelines

A

Cardiorespiratory:
Frequency - 3-7 days/wk
Intensity - moderate to vigorous(50-80% HRR)
Duration - 20-60mins depending on intensity level
Resistance training:
Include all major muscle groups
sets - 2-3
repetitions - 3-12 reps at 50-80% 1RM
Frequency - 2-3 days/wk with at least 2 days between

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6
Q

Heart Disease

A

term used to refer to a number of conditions involving a diseased heart

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7
Q

Types of heart disease

A

Myocardial Infarction

Coronary Heart disease

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8
Q

Factors that contribute to heart disease

A 
Obesity
physical inactivity
family history
high cholesterol
smoking
hypertension
diabetes
high fat diet
emotional stress
Type A personality traits
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9
Q

Hypertension is commonly referred to as

A

High Blood pressure

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10
Q

normal blood pressure

A

<120/80

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11
Q

Hypertension readings

A

> 140/90

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12
Q

pre-hypertension readings

A

130-139/80-89

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13
Q

Exercise guidelines for Heart Disease clients

A 
Cardiorespiratory:
Frequency - 3-7 days/wk
intensity - moderate to vigorous(40-60% HRR)
Duration - 30-60 minutes depending on intensity
Resistance Training:
Include all major muscle groups
Sets - 1 set
repetitions - 8-12 reps
frequency - 2-3 days/wk
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14
Q

Respiratory Complications

A

Shortness of breath during mild exercise
Asthma
Sleep apnea

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15
Q

Exercise Guidelines for respiratory complications

A 
Cardiorespiratory:
Frequency - 3-5 days/wk
Intensity - one's own tolerance
Duration - 20-60 mins depending on intensity
Resistance Training:
include all major muscle groups
Sets - 1 set
repetitions - 3-20 reps
frequency - 2-3 days/wk, 48hrs rest between
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16
Q

What is Metabolic Syndrome(syndrome X)?

A

3 or more cardiovascular disease risk factors

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17
Q

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease

A 
abdominal obesity
high triglycerides
Low HDL-C
elevated blood pressure
elevated fasting glucose
prothrombotic state
proinflammatory state
Age
Hormone imbalances
Physical inactivity
18
Q

Key to managing metabolic syndrome

A

Life style modifications - exercise and diet

19
Q

Exercise guidelines for Syndrome X

A 
Cardiorespiratory:
Frequency - 5 days/wk
Intensity - moderate(40-60% HRR)
Duration -20-60 mins depending on intensity
Resistance Training:
include all major muscle groups
Sets - 1 set
repetitions - 10-15 reps
frequency - minimum 2 days/wk
20
Q

Musculoskeletal issues affect?

A

Muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments

21
Q

symptoms of musculoskeletal issues

A 
pain
weakness
stiffness
decreased range of motion
Low back pain(LBP) - second most common condition treated by primary care physicians today
22
Q

Exercise guidelines for Musculoskeletal issues

A 
Cardiorespiratory:
Frequency - 3 days/wk
Intensity - low to moderate(40-80% HRR)
Duration - 20-30mins, symptoms dependent
Flexibility - stretch tight muscles, minimum 20 secs each
Resistance Training:
focus on core musculature
Sets - 1-2 sets
repetitions - 10-15 reps
frequency - minimum 2 days/wk
23
Q

It’s important to inquire about medications with obese individuals. Why?

A

The favored approach by physicians is to prescribe medications along with diet and exercise. Medications can influence how the body responds to exercise.

24
Q

Common medications prescribed to overweight/obese clients

A 
Beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
diuretics
anti-arrhythmic agents
bronchodilators
anti-depressants
hypoglycemic agents (insulin and oral)
Appetite suppressants (sibutramine)
Lipase inhibitors (Orlistat)
25
Q

Beta blockers

A

decrease heart rate and blood pressure at rest and during exercise
disrupts body’s ability to regulate body temp.

26
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Heart rate response depends on specific medication

Blood pressure decreases at rest and exercise

27
Q

diuretics

A

No effect on heart rate
may decrease blood pressure during rest and exercise
disrupts body’s ability to regulate body temp.

28
Q

Anti-arrhythmic agents

A

In general, no effect on exercise capacity

29
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Some may increase heart rate

increase exercise capacity in people limited by bronchospasm

30
Q

anti-depressants

A

increase or no effect on resting or exercise heart rate

decrease or no effect on resting or exercise blood pressure

31
Q

Insulin (hypoglycemic agents)

A

no effect on exercise capacity

32
Q

Sibutramine (appetite suppressants)

A

possible increase in heart rate during exercise

33
Q

Orlistat (lipase inhibitors)

A

no effect on exercise capacity

34
Q

Specific recommendations should be given for whom?

A

patients with peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy.

35
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A

numbness in hands and feet

36
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

damage to blood vessels of the eye

37
Q

nephropathy

A

kidney disease

38
Q

specific recommendations to patients with peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy.

A

avoid extreme enviroments, proper foot care, avoiding the Valsalva maneuver, paying special attention to hydration

39
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

often referred to as high cholesterol ( actually a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism

40
Q

Causes of Dyslipidemia

A

Increase in total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, Trigylceride concentrations OR a decrease in HDL(high-density lipoprotein)

NASM WLS (12 decks)

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