Chapter 2

Question 1

Phenotype

Answer 1

Observable, measurable characteristics of an organism

Question 2

Animalia

Answer 2

A class of living things that includes all organisms that are heterotrophs (they eat ofther organisms to obtain energy)

Question 3

Mammalia

Answer 3

An order of animals characterized by traits that include, among others, effective internal temperature generation and regulation and mammary glands

Question 4

Homo sapiens

Answer 4

The genus and species names for modern humans

Question 5

Morphology

Answer 5

The internal and external form and structure of an organism

Useful for: Aging, sexing, stature, phylogeny (ancestral and derived traits)

Question 6

Phylogeny

Answer 6

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms; shows the evolutionary relationship between various organisms

Question 7

Ancestral trait

Answer 7

Characteristic found in an ancestor and all (or most) of its descendants

Question 8

Derived Trait

Answer 8

Characteristic found only in one descendant branch and not in the ancestral form

Question 9

Shared Derived Trait

Answer 9

Characteristic found in more than one, but not all, descendant forms and not in the common ancestor

Question 10

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 10

Tissues that cover the surfaces of our bodies

Question 11

Three Types of Muscle Tissue

Answer 11

Smooth Muscle: Walls of blood vessels, stomach, and intestines
Skeletal Muscle: Connects to skeleton. Responsible for movement
Cardiac Muscle: Powers the contractions of the heart

Question 12

Foramen Magnum

Answer 12

Opening on the bottom of the skull through which the spinal cord passes

Question 13

Connective Tissue

Answer 13

Tissues responsible for the internal cohesion of th ebody

Question 14

Dental Formula

Answer 14

One quarter of the full complement of teeth, counted from the centerline of the mouth back toward the throat
Human dental formula: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars

Question 15

Vertebral Column

Answer 15

Bony protection for the spinal cord consisting of vertebrae

Question 16

Os Coxae

Answer 16

Two sets of three bones each that are fused to the sacrum and make up the pelvic girdle

Question 17

Endocrine Glands

Answer 17

Tissues that secrete hormones

Question 18

Hormones

Answer 18

Chemical agents produced in the endocrine glands that cause specific effects on target cells

Question 19

Placentals

Answer 19

Mammals that have a placenta (the organ that links the circulatory systems of the fetus and mother in the uterus during gestation)

Question 20

Mammary Glands

Answer 20

Glands in female mammals that produce a high-fat nutrient milk for the offspring

Question 21

Suture

Answer 21

Anatomical line where the bony plates of the skull join together

Question 22

Major Areas of Skeleton

Answer 22

Skull(cranium, mandible, teeth), vertebral column, rib cage, shoulder girldle and upper limb, pelvic girldle and lower limb

Question 23

Circulatory System

Answer 23

Components: Blood, blood vessels, heart

• Transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste materials (to the kidney)
• Regulates body temperature

Question 24

Respiratory System

Answer 24

Consists of the lungs and the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 25

Nervous System

Answer 25

Based on communication between cells using electrical and chemical signals

Question 26

Digestive System

Answer 26

Responsible for consuming, processing, and digesting food