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Microbiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The study of interactions between atoms and molecules.

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

The _____ is the smallest unit of matter that enters into chemical reactions.

A

Atom

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3
Q

Negatively charged particles.

A

Electrons

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4
Q

Positively charged particles.

A

Protons

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5
Q

Uncharged particles.

A

Neutrons

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6
Q

The number of protons makes up the _______ of the atom.

A

Atomic Number

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7
Q

_______ is written below the the symbol.

A

Atomic Number

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8
Q

______ is written above the symbol.

A

Atomic Weight

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9
Q

______ is the addition of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

A

Atomic Weight

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10
Q

Protons and Neutrons are located in the _______.

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

Electrons move around the ________.

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

Atoms with different numbers of neutrons.

Same atomic number but different atomic weight.

A

Isotopes

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13
Q

Inner shell 2-8-8 Outer shell

A

Electron Configuration

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of chemical bonds

A

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds

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15
Q

______ form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

A

Covalent Bonds

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16
Q

______ are attractions between ions of opposite charge. One atom loses electrons and another gains electrons.

A

Ionic Bonds

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17
Q

_______ bonds form when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded in an O or N atom in another molecule.

A

Hydrogen Bonds

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18
Q

The sum of the atomic weights in a molecule is the _________.

A

Molecular Weight

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19
Q

The making and breaking of bonds between atoms.

A

Chemical Reactions

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20
Q

Absorb energy.

A

Endergonic Reactions

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21
Q

Release energy.

A

Exergonic Reactions

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22
Q

Occurs when atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new, larger molecules.
A + B —-> AB

A

Synthesis Reaction

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23
Q

Occurs when a molecule is split into smaller molecules, ions, or atoms.
AB —-> A + B

A

Decomposition Reaction

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24
Q

Synthesis of molecules in a cell.

A

Anabolism

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25
Q

Decomposition reactions in a cell.

A

Catabolism

26
Q

Are part synthesis and part decomposition.

NaOH + Hal —–> NaCl + H2O

A

Exchange Reactions

27
Q

Can readily go either direction

A

Reversible Reactions

28
Q

4 Important Biological Molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

29
Q

A substance that dissociates into one or more H+

A

Acid

30
Q

A substance that dissociates into one or more OH-

A

Base

31
Q

A substance that dissociates into cations and anions neither of which is H+ or OH-

A

Salt

32
Q

Negative

A

Anions

33
Q

Postitive

A

Cations

34
Q

The amount of H+ in a solution is expressed as ___

A

pH

35
Q

______ are responsible for most of the chemical properties of a particular organic compound.

A

Functional Groups

36
Q

Macromolecules consisting of many small repeating molecules.

A

Polymers

37
Q

The smaller molecules

A

Monomers

38
Q

Simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbon atoms

A

Monosaccharides

39
Q

Two monosaccharides are joined in a dehydration synthesis

A

Disaccharide

40
Q

Consist of 2 to 20 Monosaccharides.

A

Oligosaccharides

41
Q

Consist of teens or hundreds of monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis

A

Polysaccharides

42
Q

______ is a polymer of two sugars repeating many times.

A

Chitin

43
Q

Called fats or triglycerides contain glycerol and fatty acids; formed by dehydration synthesis

A

Simple Lipids

44
Q

Consist of four carbon rings
Part of membranes
Complex Lipids

A

Steroids

45
Q

Proteins that speed chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

46
Q

Made for proteins

A

Flagella

47
Q

Subunit for proteins

A

Amino Acids

48
Q

Bonds between amino acids are formed by dehydration synthesis.

A

Peptide Bonds

49
Q

Polypeptide strand

A

Primary Structure

50
Q

Occurs when the amino acid chain folds and coils in a regular helix or pleats.

A

Secondary Structure

51
Q

Occurs when the helix folds irregularly, forming disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds between amino acids in the chain.

A

Tertiary Structure

52
Q

Consists of two or more polypeptides

A

Quaternary Structure

53
Q

Consist of amino acids and other organic molecules.

A

Conjugated Proteins

54
Q

Carbohydrates and proteins

A

Glycoproteins

55
Q

Nucleic acids and proteins

A

Nucleoproteins

56
Q

Lipids and proteins

A

Lipoproteins

57
Q

Nucleotides consist of a

A

Pentose Sugar
Phosphate Group
Nitrogen- Containing Base

58
Q

Has ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups

A

ATP

59
Q

Has deoxyribose
Exists are a double helix
A hydrogen bonds with T
C hydrogen bonds with G

A

DNA

60
Q

Has ribose
Is a single- stranded
A hydrogen bonds with U
C hydrogen bonds with G

A

RNA

61
Q

Is made with dehydration synthesis

Is broken by hydrolysis to liberate useful energy for the cell

A

ATP

Microbiology (7 decks)

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