what bacteria causes spotted fever or rash by damaging the permeability of blood capillaries? - require an arthropod (tick, insect) for transmission? - induce phagocytosis to enter the host cells? - reproduce within a mammalian cell?

rickettsia - r. prowazekii- lousborn - r. typhi- rat- fleaborn - r. rickettsia (tickborne) is an alpha Proteobacteria

Ch. 11 SG Flashcards by Alisha Randall

Bacteria reproduce by _______ _________

binary fission

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_____________ have peptidoglycan cell walls

bacteria

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list characteristics of bacteria

one circular chromosome
not in a membrane
no histones (chromosomal proteins)
peptidoglycan cell walls
reproduce by binary fission

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what domain has no kingdom assigned?

bacteria

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proteobacteria are gram _______ bacteria

negative

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firmicutes and actinobacteria are gram ______ bacteria

positive

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chlamydiae and sprirochetes are _________ phyla

assorted

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proteobacteria is the phylum

and what are the 5 classes of proteobacteria?

alpha proteobacteria
beta proteobacteria
gamma proteobacteria
delta proteobacteria
epsilon proteobacteria

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rickettsia, ehrlichia, bartonella, brucella are ___________ Proteobacteria

alpha Proteobacteria

~~~obligate intracellular parasites!

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what bacteria causes spotted fever or rash by damaging the permeability of blood capillaries?

require an arthropod (tick, insect) for transmission?
induce phagocytosis to enter the host cells?
reproduce within a mammalian cell?

rickettsia

r. prowazekii- lousborn
r. typhi- rat- fleaborn
r. rickettsia (tickborne)

is an alpha Proteobacteria

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tick borne disease
rickettsia- like bacteria
cause ehrlichiosis
live obligately within WBC’s

ehrlichia

is an alpha Proteobacteria

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cat-scratch disease in humans
bacteria is attached to the interior of the RBC’s
cause persistent bacteremia in cats
cause swelling of the lymph nodes, malaise, fever
antibiotics not a must, except for severe cases

bartonella

is an alpha Proteobacteria

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reservoir: elk, bison, usually livestock is vaccinated
multiply in the uterus- cause the embryo to die
mammals excrete the bacteria in milk
transmitted to humans via unpasteurized milk and milk products
world’s most common zoonosis
can survive phagocytosis and multiply in phagocytic cells
cause brucellosis or undulant fever in mammals

symptoms: 
rising and falling fever
malaise
night sweats
muscle aches
*prolong antibiotic treatment; at least 6 weeks

Brucella

is an alpha Proteobacteria

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Bordetella, Neisseria, N. memingitidis, N. gonorrhea are _______ Proteobacteria

beta

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cause of whooping cough/pertussis
childhood disease
virulent strain form capsules
grow on the cilia of the trachea; eventually destroy the ciliated cells, affects the ciliary action causing mucus accumulation in the lungs

symptoms:
violent coughing with whooping cough

antibiotic treatment is not effective after the onset of coughing

Bordetella

b. pertussis

is a beta proteobacteria

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Gram - diplococcus with fimbriae (for attachment and pathogenicity)
simple gram stain used for dx

Neisseria

is a beta proteobacteria

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cause meningococcal meningitis
up to 40% of population are carriers
bacteria present in nose and throat asymptomatically
act as a reservoir of infection

droplet transmission
produce an endotoxin capable of causing death w/in a few hours after the onset of fever

antibiotics help reduce the mortality rate to about 9-12%

N. meningitides

is a beta proteobacteria

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causes gonorrhea; STD

cause inflammation; movement of leukocytes leads to characteristic “pus” formation in men

very few women are aware they’re infected; exposure in the birth canal can cause blindness in newborn infants

antibiotics are place in eyes of all new born infants

N. gonorrhoeae

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Psuedomonales, legionellales, coxiella, vibrio, enterobacteriales, Escherichia, salmonella, shigella, klebsiella, serratia, proteus, Yersinia, enterobacter, haemophilus influenza are examples of __________ Proteobacteria

gamma

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The pseudomonales (order) has __________ and _________

pseudomonas and pseudomonas aeruginosa

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opportunistic pathogen; cause 10% of nosocomial infections
resistant to most antibiotics
metabolically diverse; can use proteins and lipids
can grow at refrigerator temps, hence responsible for food spoilage

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Pseudomonas

gamma proteobacteria

have polar flagella
produces a blue/green pigment
infect urinary tract, burns, and wounds
resistant to many antibiotics

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pseudomonas aeruginosa

gamma proteobacteria

colonize in water supply lines and air conditioning systems; make biofilms; resistant to chlorine
airborne transmission via spas, humidifiers, showers, water fountains, even potting soil

symptoms: 
high fever 
cough
pneumonia
can be fatal

cause legionellosis

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Legionella (of the legionellales order)

gamma proteobacteria

Cause Q fever
flu- like pneumonia; high fever, headaches, muscle aches, and coughing
spread to humans by ingesting unpasteurized milk an inhaling aerosols in dairy barns

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coxiella

gamma proteobacteria

slightly curved rods found in coastal water transfer to human by raw or undercooked shellfish

vibrio gamma proteobacteria vibrio cholera causes cholera v. parahaemolyticus cause gastroenteritis

commonly known as enterics since they inhabit the intestinal tract gram - rods with peritrichous flagella facultatively anaerobic- aerobic but can grow in the absence of oxygen fimbriae for attachment produce protein called bacteriocins that cause lysis of closely related species of bacteria

Enterobacteriales (order)

``` most common inhabitant in human intestinal tract familiar laboratory bacterium indicator for fecal pollution in water can cause urinary tract infections can cause traveler's diarrhea ```

Escherichia gamma proteobacteria

all members are pathogenic | cause gastrointestinal disease called salmonellosis

salmonella salmonella typhi- typhoid fever gamma proteobacteria

infect only humans cause bacillary dysentery or shigellosis can cause travelers diarrhea

shigella gamma proteobacteria

commonly found in soil and water | causes pneumonia in humans

Klebsiella gamma proteobacteria klebsiella pneumoniae

produce distinct red pigments urinary and resp tract infections in hospital patients serratia marcescenes

serratia gamma proteobacteria

growth w/the appearance of concentric rings | many urinary tract and wound infections

proteus gamma proteobacteria

transmitted by fleas | cause plague

Yersinia gamma proteobacteria

cause urinary tract infections | E. cloaceae and e. aerogenes cause many hospital- acquired infections

Enterobacter gamma proteobacteria

meningitis in young children and frequent ear aches eliglotitis (can be life threatening) septic arthritis in children bronchitis and pneumonia require x (heme) and V (NAD, NADP) factors in the culture media for growth (add hemoglobin to culture media)

Haemophilus influenza gamma proteobacteria

Campylobacter, helicobacter, clostridium, bacillus, staphylococcus, lactobacillales order, streptococcus, enterococcus, mycoplasma, mycobacterium, corynebacterium are examples of ______ proteobacteria

epsilon proteobacteria

one polarflagellum gastroenteritis campulobacter: outbreak offoodborne diseases

Campylobacter epsilon proteobacteria

peritrichous (multiple) flagella peptic ulcers (gastric ulcers) stomach ulcers

helicobacter epsilon proteobacteria

endospore producing, obligate anaerobes | causes botulism and tetanus

clostridium botulinum and tetani epsilon proteobacteria

endospore- producing rods replicate only in vegetative cells

bacillus bacillus anthracis- antrax bacillus cereus- food poisoning epsilon proteobacteria

gram + cocci grape like clusters grow in high salt concentrations

staphylococcus epsilon proteobacteria

generally aerotolerant anaerobes, unable to use oxygen, but grow in the presence of oxygen

order lactobacillales streptococcus and enterococcus

gram + cocci appear in chains ``` cause a great variety of diseases: strep throat pharyngitis scarlet fever impetigo rheumatic fever most common cause of human pneumonia dental cavities ```

Steptococcus epsilon proteobacteria order lactobacillales

found in intestinal tract, vagina, oral cavity resistant to antibiotics and cause nosocomial infections enter the blood stream thru catheters and surgical wounds e. facalis and e. faecium

enterococcus order lactobacillales

``` lack a cell wall (wall less) pleomorphic (many shapes) very small have the smallest genome m. pneumonia, causes mild pneumonia ```

mycoplasma

aerobic, rods stain, acid-fast m. tuberculosis m. leprae

mycobacterium actinobacteria

pleomorphic | c. diptheriae

corynebacterium actinobacteria

assorted phyla sexually transmitted disease; transmitted by direct contact cause a silent infection; no symptoms cause severe damage to women's reproductive organs can lead to infertility c. trachomatic c. pneumonia

chlamydia assorted phyla!!!!

motile- NO flagella, DO have axial filaments/endoflagella borellia- lyme disease- tick borne- rash at bite site, bulls eye, early treatment w/antibiotics is recommended symptoms: fever, headache, fatigue, and rash

borellia- phylum spirochaetes- assorted phyla

seen in wild mammals, domestic dogs/cats can be passed to humans by direct contact or w/urine, soil, and water immunized dogs continue to shed this in urine and body fluids if untreated, can cause severe kidney and liver disease in humans

leptospira- leptospirosis- phylum spirochaetes

syphilis STD, transmitted by direct contact pregnant women can transmit to unborn child if not treated early, can lead to long-term complications or death

treponema- syphilis- phylum spirochaetes

Ch. 11 SG Flashcards

(51 cards)