Chapter 2

Question 1

Road traffic injury

Answer 1

A fatal or non-fatal injury incurred as a result of a collision on a public road involving at least one moving vehicle.

Question 2

Who are the most vulnerable road users?

Answer 2

Children, pedestrians, cyclists, riders and passengers of motorized two wheelers, and the elderly.

Question 3

How many people die every year of road traffic injuries?

Answer 3

1.3 million

Question 4

How many people sustain non-fatal road traffic injuries every year?

Answer 4

20 to 50 million

Question 5

Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among what age group?

Answer 5

15 to 29

Question 6

What percent of all injury deaths are due to road traffic injuries?

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

Worldwide, are death and DALYs due to road traffic injuries on the rise or the decline?

Answer 7

The rise

Question 8

In high income countries are Road traffic accidents on the rise or the decline?

Answer 8

The decline

Question 9

What region has the highest number of mortality due to road traffic injuries?

Answer 9

SEAR

Question 10

Which region has the highest DALYs lost due to road traffic injuries?

Answer 10

SEAR

Question 11

What countries have the lowest road traffic fatality?

Answer 11

High income Europe

Question 12

What percent of crashes involve human error?

Answer 12

90%

Question 13

What is the Haddon Matrix?

Answer 13

A systems approach for effective road crush injury prevention.
Three phases on one axis: pre-crash, crash, post crash.
Three factors on the other axis: human, vehicles and equipment, environment.

Question 14

What is the number one cause of injury/death in the world?

Answer 14

Road traffic accidents

Question 15

What is the World Health Organization’s recommended blood alcohol content limit?

Answer 15

0.05 g/dl

Question 16

Teenage drivers are how much more likely to crash compared with drivers aged 30 and above?

Answer 16

5 times

Question 17

How much more at risk is a driver age 20 to 29 years old than a driver aged 30+?

Answer 17

3 times

Question 18

How much does the risk increase between 0.05 and 0.08 g/dl BAC?

Answer 18

0.08 G/DL results in twice the risk.

Question 19

What is the risk of a crash when blood alcohol content is 0.10 g/dl compared to 0.05 g/dl?

Answer 19

Three times the risk of a crash when the blood alcohol content is 0.10 g/dl

Question 20

Driving after how many hours of sleep in the preceding 24 hours is a risk factor that influences crash involvement?

Answer 20

Less than five hours of sleep.

Question 21

Driving between what hours increases the risk of crash involvement?

Answer 21

2 AM and 5 AM

Question 22

Drivers fail to process how much of the visual information in their driving environment when they are using electronic communication devices?

Answer 22

Approximately 50%

Question 23

Drivers using a mobile phone are approximately how much more likely to be involved in a crash than when a driver does not use a phone?

Answer 23

4 times more likely

Question 24

What is the most common era among young drivers and riders?

Answer 24

Speeding excessively or inappropriately

Question 25

For young drivers, does a risk of crash involvement increase or decrease with the number of passengers in the car?

Answer 25

For young drivers, risk of crash involvement increases with number of passengers in the car.

Question 26

The probability of crash involving injury is proportional to the ______ power of velocity

Answer 26

Square of velocity

Question 27

The probability of a serious crash is proportional to the ______ Power of the velocity of the car at the time of the crash?

Answer 27

Cube of volocity

Question 28

The probability of a fatal crash is proportional to the ________ power of the velocity of the car at the time of crash

Answer 28

Fourth power of velocity

Question 29

As the change in velocity increases from _____ to _____, The probability of fatal injuries increases from approximately 0 to approximately 1 (100%)

Answer 29

20 km/h to 100 km/h

Question 30

Car to pedestrian collision caused by inappropriate or excessive speed counts for how much traffic related deaths and injuries worldwide?

Answer 30

1/3

Question 31

At about what speed (of car) is there no chance of survival for a pedestrian?

Answer 31

80 km/h

Question 32

Correctly use seatbelts reduce the risk of death in the event of an injury by up to what percent?

Answer 32

61%

Question 33

What percent of countries have laws requiring the use of child restraints in vehicles?

Answer 33

Less than half of all countries

Question 34

Mandatory use of child restraints can reduce child deaths by up to what percent?

Answer 34

35%

Question 35

Helmets can reduce the risk of death from Road crash by almost ___%

Answer 35

40%

Question 36

How it's can reduce the risk of severe injury from a road crash by over ___%

Answer 36

70%

Question 37

What is the most effective way of reducing head injuries and fatalities for motorcycle crashes?

Answer 37

Helmet use

Question 38

Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for what age group?

Answer 38

15-44 (especially 15-24)

Question 39

How many children and young adults under the age of 25 are killed in road traffic crashes each day?

Answer 39

Over 1000 per day

Question 40

In high income countries most young victims are what type of driver?

Answer 40

Novice drivers

Question 41

Youth are at _____ risk of crash compared to older people with the same blood alcohol content

Answer 41

Higher risk of crash

Question 42

What is the single most common traffic rule violation committed by young male drivers?

Answer 42

Speeding

Question 43

Speeding contributes to what percent of all road traffic crashes?

Answer 43

1/3 of all road traffic crashes