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HSCI 2215 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Road traffic injury

A

A fatal or non-fatal injury incurred as a result of a collision on a public road involving at least one moving vehicle.

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2
Q

Who are the most vulnerable road users?

A

Children, pedestrians, cyclists, riders and passengers of motorized two wheelers, and the elderly.

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3
Q

How many people die every year of road traffic injuries?

A

1.3 million

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4
Q

How many people sustain non-fatal road traffic injuries every year?

A

20 to 50 million

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5
Q

Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among what age group?

A

15 to 29

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6
Q

What percent of all injury deaths are due to road traffic injuries?

A

25%

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7
Q

Worldwide, are death and DALYs due to road traffic injuries on the rise or the decline?

A

The rise

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8
Q

In high income countries are Road traffic accidents on the rise or the decline?

A

The decline

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9
Q

What region has the highest number of mortality due to road traffic injuries?

A

SEAR

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10
Q

Which region has the highest DALYs lost due to road traffic injuries?

A

SEAR

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11
Q

What countries have the lowest road traffic fatality?

A

High income Europe

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12
Q

What percent of crashes involve human error?

A

90%

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13
Q

What is the Haddon Matrix?

A

A systems approach for effective road crush injury prevention.
Three phases on one axis: pre-crash, crash, post crash.
Three factors on the other axis: human, vehicles and equipment, environment.

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14
Q

What is the number one cause of injury/death in the world?

A

Road traffic accidents

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15
Q

What is the World Health Organization’s recommended blood alcohol content limit?

A

0.05 g/dl

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16
Q

Teenage drivers are how much more likely to crash compared with drivers aged 30 and above?

A

5 times

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17
Q

How much more at risk is a driver age 20 to 29 years old than a driver aged 30+?

A

3 times

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18
Q

How much does the risk increase between 0.05 and 0.08 g/dl BAC?

A

0.08 G/DL results in twice the risk.

19
Q

What is the risk of a crash when blood alcohol content is 0.10 g/dl compared to 0.05 g/dl?

A

Three times the risk of a crash when the blood alcohol content is 0.10 g/dl

20
Q

Driving after how many hours of sleep in the preceding 24 hours is a risk factor that influences crash involvement?

A

Less than five hours of sleep.

21
Q

Driving between what hours increases the risk of crash involvement?

A

2 AM and 5 AM

22
Q

Drivers fail to process how much of the visual information in their driving environment when they are using electronic communication devices?

A

Approximately 50%

23
Q

Drivers using a mobile phone are approximately how much more likely to be involved in a crash than when a driver does not use a phone?

A

4 times more likely

24
Q

What is the most common era among young drivers and riders?

A

Speeding excessively or inappropriately

25
Q

For young drivers, does a risk of crash involvement increase or decrease with the number of passengers in the car?

A

For young drivers, risk of crash involvement increases with number of passengers in the car.

26
Q

The probability of crash involving injury is proportional to the ______ power of velocity

A

Square of velocity

27
Q

The probability of a serious crash is proportional to the ______ Power of the velocity of the car at the time of the crash?

A

Cube of volocity

28
Q

The probability of a fatal crash is proportional to the ________ power of the velocity of the car at the time of crash

A

Fourth power of velocity

29
Q

As the change in velocity increases from _____ to _____, The probability of fatal injuries increases from approximately 0 to approximately 1 (100%)

A

20 km/h to 100 km/h

30
Q

Car to pedestrian collision caused by inappropriate or excessive speed counts for how much traffic related deaths and injuries worldwide?

A

1/3

31
Q

At about what speed (of car) is there no chance of survival for a pedestrian?

A

80 km/h

32
Q

Correctly use seatbelts reduce the risk of death in the event of an injury by up to what percent?

A

61%

33
Q

What percent of countries have laws requiring the use of child restraints in vehicles?

A

Less than half of all countries

34
Q

Mandatory use of child restraints can reduce child deaths by up to what percent?

A

35%

35
Q

Helmets can reduce the risk of death from Road crash by almost ___%

A

40%

36
Q

How it’s can reduce the risk of severe injury from a road crash by over ___%

A

70%

37
Q

What is the most effective way of reducing head injuries and fatalities for motorcycle crashes?

A

Helmet use

38
Q

Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for what age group?

A

15-44 (especially 15-24)

39
Q

How many children and young adults under the age of 25 are killed in road traffic crashes each day?

A

Over 1000 per day

40
Q

In high income countries most young victims are what type of driver?

A

Novice drivers

41
Q

Youth are at _____ risk of crash compared to older people with the same blood alcohol content

A

Higher risk of crash

42
Q

What is the single most common traffic rule violation committed by young male drivers?

A

Speeding

43
Q

Speeding contributes to what percent of all road traffic crashes?

A

1/3 of all road traffic crashes

HSCI 2215 (7 decks)

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