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Biology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

water is connected by __________

A

hydrogen bonds

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2
Q

weak covalent bonds

A

hydrogen bonds

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3
Q

like molecules attach to like molecules

A

cohesion

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4
Q

water going up a straw is an example of __________

A

cohesion

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5
Q

unlike molecules attached to other unlike molecules

A

adhesion

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6
Q

water brought to the top of a plant is an example of __________

A

adhesion

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7
Q

heat is transferred from _____ to _____ substances

A

warmer

colder

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8
Q

ice is _____ dense than the liquid form

hydrogen bonds __________

A

less

spread out

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9
Q

elements in air

A

nitrogen
oxygen
carbon
hydrogen

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10
Q

types of mixtures

A

solution

suspension

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11
Q

uniform mixture of 2 or more substances

A

solution

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12
Q

a solvent with nondissolved solute

A

suspension

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13
Q

dissolves the other substance and is present in greater amount

A

solvent

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14
Q

substance that is dissolved and is present in lesser amount

A

solute

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15
Q

ions formed in aqueous solutions

A

H+

OH-

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16
Q

compound that forms H+ ions in solution

A

acid

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17
Q

compound that produces OH- ions in solution

A

basic

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18
Q

pH of:
pure water
blood cells
stomach acid

A

pure water = 7
blood cells = 7.4
stomach acid = 2

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19
Q

small units

“single” “part”

A

monomer

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20
Q

large units formed by monomers

“many” “many parts”

A

polymer

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21
Q

CH2O

A

carbohydrates

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22
Q

single sugar molecules

A

monosaccharides

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23
Q

CHO

A

lipids

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24
Q

CHONS

A

proteins

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25
Q

CHNOP

A

nucleic acids

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26
Q

bio molecules have a backbone of ______ atoms

A

Carbon

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27
Q

hydrophilic

A

attracts water

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28
Q

doesn’t like water

A

hydrophobic

29
Q

OH
water-loving
carbohydrates

A

hydroxyl group

30
Q

COOH
fatty acids
proteins

A

carboxyl group

31
Q

process of forming large organic molecules

A

polymerization

32
Q

losing water while forming a polymer

A

dehydration reaction

33
Q

polymer breaking into monomers

A

water is added

34
Q

unused glucose becomes:

A

starch
glycogen
fat molecules

35
Q

glucose, fructose, galactose

A

monosaccharides

36
Q

sucrose

A

disaccharides

37
Q

many sugar monomers

A

polymer chain

38
Q

starch
cellulose
glycogen

A

polysaccharides

39
Q

function of carbohydrates

A

provide and store energy

provide functional support

40
Q

function of lipids

A

store energy
provide for chemical communication
provide protection

41
Q

function of proteins

A 
support
transport
communication
reaction speeds
cell growth
42
Q

fats
oils
waxes
steroids

A

lipids

43
Q

muscle tissues

enzymes

A

proteins

44
Q

function of nuclei acids

A

store and transmit genetic information

45
Q

DNA

RNA

A

nucleic acids

46
Q

a process that changes one set of chemicals into another

A

chemical reaction

47
Q

elements or compounds that enter into a reaction

A

reactants

48
Q

elements or compounds produced by a reaction

A

products

49
Q

released or absorbed whenever chemical bonds form or break

A

energy

50
Q

energy needed to get a reaction started

A

energy of activation

51
Q

glucose molecule

A

C6H12O6

52
Q

hydrophobic
boundary in cell membrane
waterproof coverings

A

lipids

53
Q

3C backbone

A

glycogen

54
Q

3 fatty acids

A

long hydrocarbon chain

55
Q

Carbon joined to another Carbon by single bond

A

saturated fat

56
Q

double bonded carbon

A

unsaturated fat

57
Q

lipid with 4 fused Carbon rings

A

steroids

58
Q

essential for membrane function

A

cholesterol

59
Q

chemical messengers

A

hormones

60
Q

5C sugar

nitrogen based

A

nucleotide

61
Q

proteins are ______ of amino acids

A

polymers

62
Q

chain of amino acids

A

polypeptide

63
Q

proteins are made in __________

A

ribosomes

64
Q

unraveling and changing the shape of a protein caused by changes in pH and temperature

A

denaturalization

65
Q

amino acid is made up of:

A

Amin group
carboxylate group
R (side) group

66
Q

DNA

A

thymine
adenine
cytosine
guanine

67
Q

RNA

A

uracil
adenine
guanine
cytosine

68
Q

in water:
oxygen ___ charge
hydrogen ___ charge

A

-

+

Biology (7 decks)

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