Chapter 2 & 3: Social Cognition and Emotion Flashcards
Automatic thought is
Automatic thought is
a thought that Is unintentional and nonconscious
Social cognition
Social cognition
How people interpret, remember or use social information to make judgement or decision
Schemas:
schemas
Mental structures that help organize information
“Loose theories “ “blueprints” based on past experience
Include knowledge about concept or stimulus, relations among various cognitions about stimulus, and specific examples
Two types of accessibility
Chronologically accessible
They are used frequently
Temporarily accessibility
Something that happened recently
Priming
Priming
Something that increases accessibility of a schema or trait
Confirmation bias:
Confirmation bias
Engage in positive testing strategy seek out info that supports expectations
Favor info that confirms expectation regardless of whether or not it’s true
Assimilation versus accommodation (schema)
Assimilation
The process in which we interpret information with our schemas
Interpreting through schema
Accommodation
Changing our fit a schema to fit new information
Perseverance effect
Perseverance effect
Bring to mind evidence consistent with feedback later draw on evidence thats most available
Suicide note study
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Self fulfilling prophesy
Have expectation about target based on schema
Behave toward target in way consistent with that expectation
Target adjusts behavior to match, confirming schema
Attraction comparison over the phone
-men were shown picture of a pretty or ugly girl, and the girl on the other line adjusted her reaction to him to match his attraction.
Embodied cognition
Embodied cognition
Schemas go beyond behaviors, we even represent metaphors
That smells fishy study
Judgmental heuristics
Judgmental heuristics
Cognitive shortcuts or rules of thumb
Another form of automatic thinking.
Reduce time and effort in forming judgements
Availability heuristic
Availability heuristic
Base frequency judgements on how easily it comes to mind
What is more frequent? A Kat the beginning or a K at the third letter?
Because it is harder to think about a K at a third letter, we assume the first letter is more frequent
Representative heuristic
&
________ Fallacy
Representativeness heuristic
People judge probabilities according to how close it is to a “typical case.”
Conjunction fallacy
Two or more events can not be more likely than the events on their own
Anchoring and adjustment
Anchoring and adjustment
People use what’s available as a starting point and insufficiently adjust.
We tend to base estimates and decisions on known ‘anchors’ or familiar positions, with an adjustment relative to this start point. We are better at relative thinking than absolute thinking.
Do you think he’s a 9? v think he’s a 6? Also bidding
False consensus effect
False consensus effect
Tendency to think their attitudes or choices are fairly common
Study about sign wearing
-More people would agree to wearing the sign
thought suppression
Thought suppression
Mental control is often successful but only when we have sufficient cognitive resources when resources are depleted attempts at control may backfire
Two processes that help with thought suppression
Controlled operating processes
-We must suppress unwanted thought by searching for distractions.
automatic monitoring processes
-We must alsoremember what it is we are trying to suppress
Counterfactual thinking
Counter factual thinking
Imagining what might’ve been
Bronze winner being happier than silver winner
moods versus emotions
moods v emotions
Moods last longer and are general
Emotions are specific and more intense but shorter
Affect, and two parts of it
Affect
Describes how a person is feeling
Valence
How pleasent or unpleasant you are
Arousal
High low how active or inactive or intense
Basic emotions
Basic Emotions Theory
Emotions are discrete, biologically distinct phenomena
Emotions are like cause effect
Each primary emotion has its own distinct response
Emotions then should be universal regardless
Two factor theory of emotions
Two factor theory
Emotions are a product of
- physiological state
- cognitive labeling
Says when an emotion is felt, a physiological arousal occurs and the person uses the immediate environment to search for emotional cues to label the physiological arousal.[
Schacter and Singer and “suproxin”
Conceptual act theory
Conceptual Act Theory
We construct emotions using our conceptual knowledge about emotions to make meaning of your core affect
Core affect - mood
Says these emotions (often called “basic emotions”)are not biologically hardwired, but instead, are phenomena that emerge in consciousness “in the moment,” from two more fundamental entities: core affect and categorization. When we categorize our affect it becomes an emotion
Conceptual knowledge
- Memory
- Language
- Etc
Semantic satiation
Semantic satiation-
“overpriming”, making it less accessible
What are positive and negative emotions for?
Negative emotions
Respond to challenges problems threats
Narrow attention
Positive emotions
Broaden and build theory**
-Positive emotions broaden our minds to over time help build resources aiding in survival, letting us flourish and thrive
-Seeking out opportunities
Affect as information theory
Affect as information theory
Affect/mood is used to make judgements about environment
Positive affect
-Everything’s ok!
Bad affect
-Something is wrong
Emotions as a resource theory
Emotion as a resource theory
Positive mood leads people to process positive and negative information well that is self relevant
Study with the information on caffeine
Miss attribution of arousal
Misattribution of arrousal
The process in which people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do
Affective forecasting
Impact bias
Affective forecasting - predicting emotional reactions to future events
People
Impact bias
Overestimate emotional impact of a future event whether in intensity or duration
Under correction
Focalism
Immune neglect
Motivated Distotions
Under correction
Like anchoring, they don’t correct for passage of time
Focalism
You forget the other parts of your life when predicting things
Immune neglect
You don’t take into account general resilience
People are pretty resilient and when bad things happen we bounce back.
Motivated distortions
You change the idea on something on purpose
You can have an exam and want to study so you overestimate how bad a bad grade would be
Undoing effect
Undoing effect
Positive emotions aide cardiovascular recovery from neg emo
