Chapter 2 & 3: Social Cognition and Emotion

Question 0

Automatic thought is

Answer 0

Automatic thought is

a thought that Is unintentional and nonconscious

Question 1

Social cognition

Answer 1

Social cognition

How people interpret, remember or use social information to make judgement or decision

Question 2

Schemas:

Answer 2

schemas

Mental structures that help organize information

“Loose theories “ “blueprints” based on past experience

Include knowledge about concept or stimulus, relations among various cognitions about stimulus, and specific examples

Question 3

Two types of accessibility

Answer 3

Chronologically accessible
They are used frequently

Temporarily accessibility
Something that happened recently

Question 4

Priming

Answer 4

Priming

Something that increases accessibility of a schema or trait

Question 5

Confirmation bias:

Answer 5

Confirmation bias

Engage in positive testing strategy seek out info that supports expectations

Favor info that confirms expectation regardless of whether or not it’s true

Question 6

Assimilation versus accommodation (schema)

Answer 6

Assimilation
The process in which we interpret information with our schemas
Interpreting through schema

Accommodation
Changing our fit a schema to fit new information

Question 7

Perseverance effect

Answer 7

Perseverance effect

Bring to mind evidence consistent with feedback later draw on evidence thats most available

Suicide note study

Question 8

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 8

Self fulfilling prophesy

Have expectation about target based on schema
Behave toward target in way consistent with that expectation
Target adjusts behavior to match, confirming schema

Attraction comparison over the phone
-men were shown picture of a pretty or ugly girl, and the girl on the other line adjusted her reaction to him to match his attraction.

Question 9

Embodied cognition

Answer 9

Embodied cognition
Schemas go beyond behaviors, we even represent metaphors

That smells fishy study

Question 10

Judgmental heuristics

Answer 10

Judgmental heuristics

Cognitive shortcuts or rules of thumb
Another form of automatic thinking.
Reduce time and effort in forming judgements

Question 11

Availability heuristic

Answer 11

Availability heuristic
Base frequency judgements on how easily it comes to mind

What is more frequent? A Kat the beginning or a K at the third letter?
Because it is harder to think about a K at a third letter, we assume the first letter is more frequent

Question 12

Representative heuristic

&

________ Fallacy

Answer 12

Representativeness heuristic
People judge probabilities according to how close it is to a “typical case.”

Conjunction fallacy
Two or more events can not be more likely than the events on their own

Question 13

Anchoring and adjustment

Answer 13

Anchoring and adjustment

People use what’s available as a starting point and insufficiently adjust.

We tend to base estimates and decisions on known ‘anchors’ or familiar positions, with an adjustment relative to this start point. We are better at relative thinking than absolute thinking.

Do you think he’s a 9? v think he’s a 6? Also bidding

Question 14

False consensus effect

Answer 14

False consensus effect

Tendency to think their attitudes or choices are fairly common

Study about sign wearing
-More people would agree to wearing the sign

Question 15

thought suppression

Answer 15

Thought suppression

Mental control is often successful but only when we have sufficient cognitive resources when resources are depleted attempts at control may backfire

Question 16

Two processes that help with thought suppression

Answer 16

Controlled operating processes
-We must suppress unwanted thought by searching for distractions.

automatic monitoring processes
-We must alsoremember what it is we are trying to suppress

Question 17

Counterfactual thinking

Answer 17

Counter factual thinking
Imagining what might’ve been

Bronze winner being happier than silver winner

Question 18

moods versus emotions

Answer 18

moods v emotions

Moods last longer and are general
Emotions are specific and more intense but shorter

Question 19

Affect, and two parts of it

Answer 19

Affect
Describes how a person is feeling

Valence
How pleasent or unpleasant you are

Arousal
High low how active or inactive or intense

Question 20

Basic emotions

Answer 20

Basic Emotions Theory

Emotions are discrete, biologically distinct phenomena
Emotions are like cause effect
Each primary emotion has its own distinct response
Emotions then should be universal regardless

Question 21

Two factor theory of emotions

Answer 21

Two factor theory

Emotions are a product of

• physiological state
• cognitive labeling

Says when an emotion is felt, a physiological arousal occurs and the person uses the immediate environment to search for emotional cues to label the physiological arousal.[

Schacter and Singer and “suproxin”

Question 22

Conceptual act theory

Answer 22

Conceptual Act Theory

We construct emotions using our conceptual knowledge about emotions to make meaning of your core affect

Core affect - mood

Says these emotions (often called “basic emotions”)are not biologically hardwired, but instead, are phenomena that emerge in consciousness “in the moment,” from two more fundamental entities: core affect and categorization. When we categorize our affect it becomes an emotion

Conceptual knowledge

• Memory
• Language
• Etc

Question 23

Semantic satiation

Answer 23

Semantic satiation-

“overpriming”, making it less accessible

Question 24

What are positive and negative emotions for?

Answer 24

Negative emotions
Respond to challenges problems threats
Narrow attention

Positive emotions
Broaden and build theory**
-Positive emotions broaden our minds to over time help build resources aiding in survival, letting us flourish and thrive
-Seeking out opportunities

Question 25

Affect as information theory

Answer 25

Affect as information theory

Affect/mood is used to make judgements about environment

Positive affect
-Everything’s ok!
Bad affect
-Something is wrong

Question 26

Emotions as a resource theory

Answer 26

Emotion as a resource theory

Positive mood leads people to process positive and negative information well that is self relevant

Study with the information on caffeine

Question 27

Miss attribution of arousal

Answer 27

Misattribution of arrousal

The process in which people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do

Question 28

Affective forecasting

Impact bias

Answer 28

Affective forecasting - predicting emotional reactions to future events
People

Impact bias
Overestimate emotional impact of a future event whether in intensity or duration

Question 29

Under correction

Focalism

Immune neglect

Motivated Distotions

Answer 29

Under correction
Like anchoring, they don’t correct for passage of time

Focalism
You forget the other parts of your life when predicting things

Immune neglect
You don’t take into account general resilience
People are pretty resilient and when bad things happen we bounce back.

Motivated distortions
You change the idea on something on purpose
You can have an exam and want to study so you overestimate how bad a bad grade would be

Question 30

Undoing effect

Answer 30

Undoing effect

Positive emotions aide cardiovascular recovery from neg emo