Chapter 2 & 3 Quiz Review Flashcards
Atom
Basic Unit of matter
Element
A specific type of atom; Cannot be broken down further by chemical processes
Compound
A substance made of two or more different elements combined
Neutrons
Component of an atom which is in the atomic nucleus and has a neutral charge
Proton
A component of a atom in the atomic nucleus with a positive charge
Electron
Component of an atom that move around the atomic nucleus in a cloud and have a negative charge
Covalent Bond
Bond formed by two or more atoms which share electrons
Ionic Bond
Bond formed when two or more oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other
Hydrogen Bond
A weak attraction between the hydrogen atom (+) of one molecule and the slightly negative side of another molecule (responsible for waters unique properties)
Polar Molecule
A molecule with an uneven distribution of electrons and has slight variables is charge from one side to the other
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of like substances (ie. water and water)
Adhesion
Attraction between molecules of different substances (ie. Water and Glass)
High Specific Heat
The property of water that is important for temperature regulation in organisms; The resistance water has to changing temperature
Evaporative Cooling
Lowering body or surface temperature due to the evaporation of water from the surface
Solution
A liquid that is a completely homogeneous (uniform) mixture of two or more substances
Solvent
The substance which dissolves (ie. water)
Solute
The substance that is dissolved (ie. salt)
Hydration Shell
The formation water makes around other atoms or molecules to dissolve them
Hydrogen Ion
Positively charged ion; when in higher concentrations the pH of the substance is lower (closer to zero)
Hydroxide Ion
Negatively charged ion; When in higher concentrations pH of substance is more basic (closer to 14 pH)
Buffer
Substances that minimize changes in pH
