Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

element

Answer 2

a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Question 3

compound

Answer 3

A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined at a fixed ratio

Question 4

Trace Elements

Answer 4

Elements required by an organism in only minute quantities

Question 5

Neutrons

Answer 5

Packed in atomic nucleus; Have neutral charge

Question 6

Protons

Answer 6

Packed in atomic nucleus; Have positive charge

Question 7

Electrons

Answer 7

orbits around the nucleus at nearly the speed of light; Has a negative charge

Question 8

Dalton or Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)

Answer 8

The unity describing the sum of the mass of protons and neutrons in the element (Electrons are so small we do not add them into the mass of the element)

Question 9

Atomic Mass Number

Answer 9

Number of protons in the element

Question 10

Atomic Mass

Answer 10

The sum of the mass of protons and neutrons in an element

Question 11

Isotopes

Answer 11

A configuration of a element where there are more neutrons than normal (Protons of a given element always have to be the same, if you add or lose a proton then the element changes)

Question 12

Radioactive Isotope

Answer 12

An isotope whose nucleus decays and gives off particles and energy

Question 13

Energy

Answer 13

The capacity to cause change

Question 14

Potential Energy

Answer 14

The energy that matter possesses because of it location or structure

Question 15

Energy Levels

Answer 15

Different states of potential energy that electrons have in an atom

Question 16

Electron Shell

Answer 16

Shells of electron that surround the nucleus and have specific configurations

Question 17

Valence Electrons

Answer 17

The electrons in the outer most shell of electron in an atom

Question 18

Covalent Bonds

Answer 18

Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

Question 19

Molecule

Answer 19

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 20

Single Bond

Answer 20

A covalent bond with a single pair of shared electrons

Question 21

Double Bond

Answer 21

A covalent bond where TWO pairs of electrons are shared

Question 22

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 22

When atoms bonded have SIMILAR electronegativity and electrons are moving equally around the molecule

Question 23

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 23

Covalent bond where atoms have DIFFERENT electronegativity values and electrons are more dense in a given area of the molecule

Question 24

Ion

Answer 24

A charged atom

Question 25

Cation

Answer 25

A Positively charged atom

Question 26

Ionic Bond

Answer 26

The attraction between an ion and a cation

Question 27

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 27

Bond formed when a Hydrogen atom bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

Question 28

van der Waals interactions

Answer 28

changing “hotspots” of positive and negative charges that create a week force allowing all atoms and molecules to stick together

Question 29

Chemical Reactions

Answer 29

The making and breaking of chemical bonds