Chapter 2,3 &4

Question 0

The portion of the earth that supports life

Answer 0

Biosphere

Question 1

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environments

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

Non living part of an organisms environment

Answer 2

Abiotic factors

Question 3

All the living organisms that inhabit an environment

Answer 3

Biotic factors

Question 4

A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

Answer 4

Population

Question 5

A collection of interacting populations

Answer 5

Community

Question 6

Made up of the interactions among the populations in a community

Answer 6

Ecosystem

Question 7

The place where an organism lives out its life

Answer 7

Habitat

Question 8

The role and position a species has in it’s environment - how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces

Answer 8

Niche

Question 9

The relationship in which there is a close and permanent association among organisms of different species

Answer 9

Symbiosis

Question 10

A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed not benefited

Answer 10

Commensalism

Question 11

A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit

Answer 11

Mutualism

Question 12

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism derives benefit at the expense of the other

Answer 12

Parasitism

Question 13

Organisms that use energy from the sun or energy stored in chemical compounds to manufacture their own nutrients

Answer 13

Autotrophs

Question 14

Some animals do not kill for food; instead, they eat animals that have already died

Answer 14

Scavengers

Question 15

Organisms that cannot make their own food and must feed on other organisms

Answer 15

Heterotrophs

Question 16

Some organisms break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms

Answer 16

Decomposers

Question 17

A simple model that scientists use to show how matter and energy move through an ecosystem

Answer 17

Food chain

Question 18

Each organism in a food chain represents a feeding step called a

Answer 18

Trophic level

Question 19

The model they create expresses all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community

Answer 19

Food web

Question 20

Environmental factors that affect an organisms ability to survive in it’s environment, such as food availability, predators, and temperature

Answer 20

Limiting factors

Question 21

Orderly natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem

Answer 21

Succession

Question 22

The colonization of new sites like these by communities of organisms

Answer 22

Primary succession

Question 23

A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species

Answer 23

Climax community

Question 24

Refers to the sequence of community changes that takes place after a community is disrupted by natural disasters or human actions

Answer 24

Secondary succession

Question 25

A large group of ecosystems that share the same type of climax community

Answer 25

Biome

Question 26

The portion of the marine biome that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate

Answer 26

Photic Zone

Question 27

Deeper water that never receives sunlight makes up the

Answer 27

Aphotic zone

Question 28

A coastal body of water, partially surrounded by land, in which freshwater and saltwater mix

Answer 28

Estuary

Question 29

The portion of the shoreline that lies between the high and low tide lines

Answer 29

Intertidal zone

Question 30

Small organisms that live in waters of the photic zone

Answer 30

Plankton

Question 31

A treeless land with long summer days and short periods of winter sunlight

Answer 31

Tundra

Question 32

Underneath this topsoil is permanently frozen ground

Answer 32

Permafrost

Question 33

Also called the northern coniferous forest, is a land of larch, fir, hemlock, and spruce trees

Answer 33

Taiga

Question 34

Is an arid region with sparse to almost nonexistent plant life

Answer 34

Desert

Question 35

Are large communities covered with grasses and similar small plants

Answer 35

Grasslands

Question 36

Are dominated by broad leaves hard wood trees that lose their foliage annually

Answer 36

Temperate forests

Question 37

Warm temperatures, wet weather, and lush plant growth

Answer 37

Tropical rain forests

Question 38

Means that as a population gets larger, it also grows faster

Answer 38

Exponential growth

Question 39

The number of organisms of one species that an environment can support

Answer 39

Carrying capacity

Question 40

Include disease, competition, parasites, and food

Answer 40

Density dependent factors

Question 41

Affect all populations, regardless of their density

Answer 41

Density independent factors

Question 42

The study of human population growth characteristics

Answer 42

Demography

Question 43

Can be visualized by the use of graphs and can help predict if a population is growing rapidly, growing slowly, or not growing at all

Answer 43

Age structure

Question 44

Movement of individuals into a population

Answer 44

Immigration

Question 45

Movement from a population

Answer 45

Emigration