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Biology > Chapter 2,3 &4 > Flashcards

Chapter 2,3 &4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The portion of the earth that supports life

A

Biosphere

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1
Q

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environments

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Non living part of an organisms environment

A

Abiotic factors

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3
Q

All the living organisms that inhabit an environment

A

Biotic factors

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4
Q

A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

A

Population

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5
Q

A collection of interacting populations

A

Community

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6
Q

Made up of the interactions among the populations in a community

A

Ecosystem

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7
Q

The place where an organism lives out its life

A

Habitat

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8
Q

The role and position a species has in it’s environment - how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces

A

Niche

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9
Q

The relationship in which there is a close and permanent association among organisms of different species

A

Symbiosis

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10
Q

A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed not benefited

A

Commensalism

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11
Q

A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit

A

Mutualism

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12
Q

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism derives benefit at the expense of the other

A

Parasitism

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13
Q

Organisms that use energy from the sun or energy stored in chemical compounds to manufacture their own nutrients

A

Autotrophs

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14
Q

Some animals do not kill for food; instead, they eat animals that have already died

A

Scavengers

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15
Q

Organisms that cannot make their own food and must feed on other organisms

A

Heterotrophs

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16
Q

Some organisms break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms

A

Decomposers

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17
Q

A simple model that scientists use to show how matter and energy move through an ecosystem

A

Food chain

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18
Q

Each organism in a food chain represents a feeding step called a

A

Trophic level

19
Q

The model they create expresses all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community

A

Food web

20
Q

Environmental factors that affect an organisms ability to survive in it’s environment, such as food availability, predators, and temperature

A

Limiting factors

21
Q

Orderly natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem

A

Succession

22
Q

The colonization of new sites like these by communities of organisms

A

Primary succession

23
Q

A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species

A

Climax community

24
Q

Refers to the sequence of community changes that takes place after a community is disrupted by natural disasters or human actions

A

Secondary succession

25
Q

A large group of ecosystems that share the same type of climax community

A

Biome

26
Q

The portion of the marine biome that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate

A

Photic Zone

27
Q

Deeper water that never receives sunlight makes up the

A

Aphotic zone

28
Q

A coastal body of water, partially surrounded by land, in which freshwater and saltwater mix

A

Estuary

29
Q

The portion of the shoreline that lies between the high and low tide lines

A

Intertidal zone

30
Q

Small organisms that live in waters of the photic zone

A

Plankton

31
Q

A treeless land with long summer days and short periods of winter sunlight

A

Tundra

32
Q

Underneath this topsoil is permanently frozen ground

A

Permafrost

33
Q

Also called the northern coniferous forest, is a land of larch, fir, hemlock, and spruce trees

A

Taiga

34
Q

Is an arid region with sparse to almost nonexistent plant life

A

Desert

35
Q

Are large communities covered with grasses and similar small plants

A

Grasslands

36
Q

Are dominated by broad leaves hard wood trees that lose their foliage annually

A

Temperate forests

37
Q

Warm temperatures, wet weather, and lush plant growth

A

Tropical rain forests

38
Q

Means that as a population gets larger, it also grows faster

A

Exponential growth

39
Q

The number of organisms of one species that an environment can support

A

Carrying capacity

40
Q

Include disease, competition, parasites, and food

A

Density dependent factors

41
Q

Affect all populations, regardless of their density

A

Density independent factors

42
Q

The study of human population growth characteristics

A

Demography

43
Q

Can be visualized by the use of graphs and can help predict if a population is growing rapidly, growing slowly, or not growing at all

A

Age structure

44
Q

Movement of individuals into a population

A

Immigration

45
Q

Movement from a population

A

Emigration

Biology (6 decks)

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