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Biology > Ch 14, 15 & 17 > Flashcards

Ch 14, 15 & 17 Flashcards

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0
Q

The geological explanation for how the continents move

A

Plate tectonics

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1
Q

Evidence of an organism that lived long ago

A

Fossil

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2
Q

The idea that no living material can produce life

A

Spontaneous generation

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3
Q

The idea that living organism come only from other living organisms

A

Biogenesis

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4
Q

A large ordered structure enclosed by a membrane that carries out some life activities such as growth and division

A

Protocell

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5
Q

Prokaryotes that love in harsh environments such as deep sea vents and hot springs

A

Archaebacteria

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6
Q

Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits

A

Artificial selection

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7
Q

A mechanism for change in populations

A

Natural selection

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8
Q

A structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species

A

Mimicry

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9
Q

An adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings

A

Camouflage

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10
Q

Structural features with a I’m evolutionary origin

A

Homologous structures

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11
Q

The body parts of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function

A

Analogous structures

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12
Q

A body structure that has no function in a present day organism but was useful to an ancestor

A

Vestigial structure

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13
Q

The earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals

A

Embryo

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14
Q

All of the alleles of the populations genes as being together in a large pool

A

Gene pool

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15
Q

Percentage of any specific allele in the gene pool

A

Allelic frequency

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16
Q

They refer to a population in which the frequency of alleles remains the same over generations

A

Genetic equilibrium

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17
Q

The alteration of alleles frequencies by chance events

A

Genetic drift

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18
Q

Natural selection that favors average individuals in a population

A

Stabilizing selection

19
Q

Occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait

A

Directional selection

20
Q

Individuals with either extreme of a traits variation are selected for

A

Disruptive selection

21
Q

The evolution of a new species

A

Speciation

22
Q

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population

A

Geographic isolation

23
Q

Occurs when formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring

A

Reproductive isolation

24
Q

Any species with a multiple of the normal set of chromosomes

A

Polyploid

25
Q

The idea that species originate through a gradual change of adaptations

A

Gradualism

26
Q

Stephen J Gould and Niles Eldridge proposed another hypothesis known as

A

Punctuated equilibrium

27
Q

When an ancestral species evolves into an array of species to fit a number of diverse habitats

A

Adaptive radiation

28
Q

The pattern of evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge

A

Divergent evolution

29
Q

A pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolves similar traits

A

Convergent evolution

30
Q

The grouping of objects or information based on similarities

A

Classification

31
Q

Is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies and names organisms based on their different characteristics

A

Taxonomy

32
Q

Modern classification systems use two word naming system that Linnaeus developed to identify species

A

Binomial nomenclature

33
Q

Consists of a group of similar species

A

Genus

34
Q

The next larger taxon in the biological classification system consists of a group of similar genera

A

Family

35
Q

Is a taxon of similar families

A

Order

36
Q

A taxon of similar orders

A

Class

37
Q

A taxon of similar classes

A

Phylum

38
Q

Plant taxonomists use the taxon ____ instead of phylum

A

Division

39
Q

A taxon of similar phyla or divisions

A

Kingdom

40
Q

The evolutionary history of a species

A

Phylogeny

41
Q

One biological system of classification that is based on phylogeny

A

Cladistics

42
Q

Biologists identify a groups derived traits and use them to make a branching diagram

A

Cladogram

43
Q

Have very strong cell walls and a less complex genetic makeup than found in archaebacteria or eukaryotes

A

Eubacteria

44
Q

Is a eukaryote that lacks complex organ systems and lives in moist environments

A

Protist

45
Q

Is either a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment

A

Fungus

Biology (6 decks)

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