Ch 14, 15 & 17 Flashcards

0
Q

The geological explanation for how the continents move

A

Plate tectonics

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1
Q

Evidence of an organism that lived long ago

A

Fossil

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2
Q

The idea that no living material can produce life

A

Spontaneous generation

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3
Q

The idea that living organism come only from other living organisms

A

Biogenesis

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4
Q

A large ordered structure enclosed by a membrane that carries out some life activities such as growth and division

A

Protocell

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5
Q

Prokaryotes that love in harsh environments such as deep sea vents and hot springs

A

Archaebacteria

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6
Q

Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits

A

Artificial selection

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7
Q

A mechanism for change in populations

A

Natural selection

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8
Q

A structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species

A

Mimicry

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9
Q

An adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings

A

Camouflage

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10
Q

Structural features with a I’m evolutionary origin

A

Homologous structures

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11
Q

The body parts of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function

A

Analogous structures

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12
Q

A body structure that has no function in a present day organism but was useful to an ancestor

A

Vestigial structure

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13
Q

The earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals

A

Embryo

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14
Q

All of the alleles of the populations genes as being together in a large pool

A

Gene pool

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15
Q

Percentage of any specific allele in the gene pool

A

Allelic frequency

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16
Q

They refer to a population in which the frequency of alleles remains the same over generations

A

Genetic equilibrium

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17
Q

The alteration of alleles frequencies by chance events

A

Genetic drift

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18
Q

Natural selection that favors average individuals in a population

A

Stabilizing selection

19
Q

Occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait

A

Directional selection

20
Q

Individuals with either extreme of a traits variation are selected for

A

Disruptive selection

21
Q

The evolution of a new species

A

Speciation

22
Q

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population

A

Geographic isolation

23
Q

Occurs when formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring

A

Reproductive isolation

24
Any species with a multiple of the normal set of chromosomes
Polyploid
25
The idea that species originate through a gradual change of adaptations
Gradualism
26
Stephen J Gould and Niles Eldridge proposed another hypothesis known as
Punctuated equilibrium
27
When an ancestral species evolves into an array of species to fit a number of diverse habitats
Adaptive radiation
28
The pattern of evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge
Divergent evolution
29
A pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolves similar traits
Convergent evolution
30
The grouping of objects or information based on similarities
Classification
31
Is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies and names organisms based on their different characteristics
Taxonomy
32
Modern classification systems use two word naming system that Linnaeus developed to identify species
Binomial nomenclature
33
Consists of a group of similar species
Genus
34
The next larger taxon in the biological classification system consists of a group of similar genera
Family
35
Is a taxon of similar families
Order
36
A taxon of similar orders
Class
37
A taxon of similar classes
Phylum
38
Plant taxonomists use the taxon ____ instead of phylum
Division
39
A taxon of similar phyla or divisions
Kingdom
40
The evolutionary history of a species
Phylogeny
41
One biological system of classification that is based on phylogeny
Cladistics
42
Biologists identify a groups derived traits and use them to make a branching diagram
Cladogram
43
Have very strong cell walls and a less complex genetic makeup than found in archaebacteria or eukaryotes
Eubacteria
44
Is a eukaryote that lacks complex organ systems and lives in moist environments
Protist
45
Is either a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment
Fungus