Ch 14, 15 & 17 Flashcards
The geological explanation for how the continents move
Plate tectonics
Evidence of an organism that lived long ago
Fossil
The idea that no living material can produce life
Spontaneous generation
The idea that living organism come only from other living organisms
Biogenesis
A large ordered structure enclosed by a membrane that carries out some life activities such as growth and division
Protocell
Prokaryotes that love in harsh environments such as deep sea vents and hot springs
Archaebacteria
Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits
Artificial selection
A mechanism for change in populations
Natural selection
A structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species
Mimicry
An adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings
Camouflage
Structural features with a I’m evolutionary origin
Homologous structures
The body parts of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function
Analogous structures
A body structure that has no function in a present day organism but was useful to an ancestor
Vestigial structure
The earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals
Embryo
All of the alleles of the populations genes as being together in a large pool
Gene pool
Percentage of any specific allele in the gene pool
Allelic frequency
They refer to a population in which the frequency of alleles remains the same over generations
Genetic equilibrium
The alteration of alleles frequencies by chance events
Genetic drift
Natural selection that favors average individuals in a population
Stabilizing selection
Occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait
Directional selection
Individuals with either extreme of a traits variation are selected for
Disruptive selection
The evolution of a new species
Speciation
Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population
Geographic isolation
Occurs when formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring
Reproductive isolation
Any species with a multiple of the normal set of chromosomes
Polyploid
The idea that species originate through a gradual change of adaptations
Gradualism
Stephen J Gould and Niles Eldridge proposed another hypothesis known as
Punctuated equilibrium
When an ancestral species evolves into an array of species to fit a number of diverse habitats
Adaptive radiation
The pattern of evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge
Divergent evolution
A pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolves similar traits
Convergent evolution
The grouping of objects or information based on similarities
Classification
Is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies and names organisms based on their different characteristics
Taxonomy
Modern classification systems use two word naming system that Linnaeus developed to identify species
Binomial nomenclature
Consists of a group of similar species
Genus
The next larger taxon in the biological classification system consists of a group of similar genera
Family
Is a taxon of similar families
Order
A taxon of similar orders
Class
A taxon of similar classes
Phylum
Plant taxonomists use the taxon ____ instead of phylum
Division
A taxon of similar phyla or divisions
Kingdom
The evolutionary history of a species
Phylogeny
One biological system of classification that is based on phylogeny
Cladistics
Biologists identify a groups derived traits and use them to make a branching diagram
Cladogram
Have very strong cell walls and a less complex genetic makeup than found in archaebacteria or eukaryotes
Eubacteria
Is a eukaryote that lacks complex organ systems and lives in moist environments
Protist
Is either a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment
Fungus
