Chapter 10 Mendel And Meiosis Flashcards
The passing on if characteristics from parents to offspring
Heredity
The branch of biology that studies heredity
Genetics
Sex cells are called
Gametes
The transfer of the make pollen grains to the pistil of a flower
Pollination
The uniting of make and female gametes
Fertilization
The offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait
Hybrid
Different gene forms
Alleles
Observed trait
Dominant
The trait that disappeared
Recessive
The dominant trait always wins over the recessive
Law of dominance
Plants can produce 2 different gametes because they have 2 alleles
Law of segregation
The way an organism looks and behaves
Phenotype
Gene combination an organism contains is known as
Genotype
For a trait if it’s two alleles for the trait are the same
Homozygous
An organism is…. For a trait if it’s two alleles for the trait differ from each other
Heterozygous
Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
Law of independent assortment
A cell with two of each kind chromosome
Diploid
A cell with one of each kind of chromosome
Haploid
Paired chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes
Cell division which produces gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a parents body
Meiosis
Make gametes
Sperm
Female gametes
Eggs
When a sperm fertilizes an egg the resulting cell is
Zygotes
Pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells is called
Sexual reproduction
Exchange of genetic material between no sister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis
Crossing over
Major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis
Genetic recombination
The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis is called
Nondisjunction
Characteristics that are inherited are called
Trait
Reproduction with one parent
Asexual reproduction
