Chapter 2 Flashcards
Types of Gov
Anarchy socialism communism democracy monarchy
Source of all political power
God
Anarchy
Absence of Gov.
Socialism
Gov. owns part of the means of production
Communism
Gov. owns ALL of the means of production
Democracy
People Rule
Absolute Monarchy
King has absolute power
Constitutional Monarchy
King shares power w/ the people
Factors of production
1) land
2) labor
3) capital
4) entrepreneurship
5) technology
4 basic economic questions
1) what should be made?
2) how much should be produced?
3) what methods should be used?
4) how should goods and services be distributed
Magna Carta
Attempt to limit authority of king
3 principles of Magna Carta
1) rights to trial by jury
2) due process of law is guaranteed
3) no taxation w/o consent
English common law
1) Precedent
2) all men are equal under law
3) life, liberty, and property may not be taken away illegally
Precedent
Practice of judges basing decisions on previous cases
Nicole Machiavelli
The Prince
The Prince
1) the best for of government is one which citizens felt a patriotic attachment to the state
2) effective rulers act only in their political interest
Bishop Bossuet
Political Ideas Derived from the Very Words of Holy Scriptures
Political Ideas Derived from the Very Words of Holy Scriptures
1) absolutism
2) divine right of kings
James 1
Free Law of Free Monarchy
Free Law of Free Monarchy
1) Absolutism
2) king is responsible to God alone
3) king is father, people are children
Jean Bodin
Six Books of the Republic
Six books of the republic
1) Every country has to have supreme power
2) king must be subject to natural law
3) Legis Summi Imperii “Salic Law”
Salic Law
No women ruler
English Petition of Rights
Limit Royal Authority
1) could not levy taxes
2) cant imprison w/o specific charge or trial jury
3) can’t courter soldiers in private homes w/o owners consent
3 ideas of English Civil War and Commonwealth
1) Absolute monarchy was destroyed
2) House of Commons becomes dominate political power
3) Opposition to a standing army
Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan
Leviathan
Without gov. it would be chaos
Act of Habeas Corpus
1) guarantees a promo hearing for legal authorities
2) if arrested illegally the arrestee is punished
English Bill of Rights
King can’t w/o permission from parliament…
1) Suspend law
2) Levy taxes
3) Raise an army
4 Guaranteed Liberties of Men
1) Right to petition the Gov.
2) Right to a speedy trial
3) Protection from excessive fines and bails
4) Protection from cruel and unusual punishment
4 things enlightenment stressed
1) Human Nature
2) Reason
3) Science
4) natural Law
Writers of Enlightenment
Philosophes
Philosophes ideas
1) By observing human nature in history and the present one can discover the laws that govern human nature and these laws can be used to design a virtuous and orderly society
2) Freedom of religion
3) Freedom of thought
Enlightened Despotism
Ruler justifies his authority on his usefulness to society
John Locke
Two Treaties on Government
Two treaties on Government
1) Man is born a “blank slate”
2) Man’s character comes through education
3) Man is born with 3 God given natural rights
4) Gov. was created to protect those rights
5) Right of Revolution
Man’s 3 natural rights
1) Life
2) Liberty
3) Property
Right of Revolution
If gov. fails man has right to take control
Baron de Montesquieu
The Spirit of Laws
The Spirit of Laws
Separation of powers
1) make the law
2) interpret the law
3) enforce the law
Voltaire’s beliefs
1) Rulers should use authority to promote reform
2) Freedom of thought
3) Religious freedom
Candide
1) Attack superstitions
2) Attack religious persecution
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Social Contract
Social Contract
1) General will is sovereign
2) Man has life liberty and propert
3) Right of Rev
4) Will of community if determined democratically is more important than individual rights
Marquis Cesaradi Beccaria
An Essay on Crimes and Punishment
An Essay on Crimes and Punishment
Man should have system of laws that apply equally to all classes
Physiocrats
Economist of Enlightenment
Francios Quesnay
Economic Tables
Economic Tables
Laissez-faire
1) gov. doesn’t regulate economy
Adam Smith
An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
1) supports Laissez-faire
2) People should be a allowed to produce as much as possible w/o gov. interference
3) Let people trade as much as possible
Early American government
Based off British
British Government
1) King- head of state
2) Parliament- legislative, executive
A) House of Lords
B) House of Commons
Articles of Confederation
First written document of American gov
Purpose of Constitutional Convention
Revise Articles of confederation
Member of CC
1) President: George Washington
2) Father of Constitution: James Madison
3) Chairman of Committee of Style: Gouverneur Morris
Secrecy Rule
Nobody outside of CC knows what’s going on
5 goals of CC
1) Create a Republic
2) Want a written constitution
3) Want a stronger national gov.
4) Want a government that will protect human rights and property rights
5) Wanted to reform society so that gov. would have virtue
3 areas of conflict in CC
1) Economics
2) Strength of National Government
3) Representation in Congress
Virginia Plan
1) James Madison
2) Large State Plan
3) Three branches
Three Branches of Virginia
1) Legislative- Bicameral
2) Executive
3) Judicial
New Jersey Plan
1) William Patterson
2) 3 Branches
Connecticut Compromise
1) Roger Sherman
2) One Branch
3/5 compromise
Slave states
Must count slaves in determining the number of representatives each state will receive
Must not count slaves in determining the percentage of the tax burden to be paid
Non-slave states
Must not count slaves in determining the number of representatives each state will receive
Must count slaves in the determining the percentage of the tax burden to be paid
Slave trade compromise
The international slave trade would remain open for twenty more years
Division of powers
Delegated powers
Reserved powers
Delegated powers
Constitutional powers
Reserved powers
Powers kept by state
Amending process
1)Amendments may originate in:
Congress
Constitutional Convention
2)Must be ratified by 3/4 of the states
3)Approval of 9 states needed to replace the Articles of Confederation
4)Necessary States: Virginia, New York, Massachusetts
Federalist
1) Must have stronger central Gov
2) Federalist Papers
James Madison
John Jay
Alexander Hamilton
Anti federalist
1) Took too much power from the states
2) No bill of rights
3) Gave pres. too much power
