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Government > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Types of Government:

A
  1. Anarchy
  2. Socialism
  3. Communism
  4. Democracy
  5. Monarchy
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1
Q

Who/what is the source of all political power?

A

God

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2
Q

Anarchy

A

People who don’t want any type of government

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3
Q

Socialism

A
  • It is both economic and political

- The government owns part of the means of production

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4
Q

Communism

A

The government owns all of the means of production

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5
Q

Democracy

A

The people run the government

- Generally capitalistic

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6
Q

Monarchy

A

A king has power

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7
Q

Types of Monarchies

A
  1. Absolute: King has absolute power

2. Constitutional: King shares power with the people

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8
Q

Factors of Production

A
  1. Land
  2. Labor
  3. Capital
  4. Entrepreneurship
  5. Technology
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9
Q

4 Basic Economic Questions

A
  1. What should be produced?
  2. How much should be produced?
  3. What methods should be used?
  4. How should these goods and services be distributed?
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10
Q

What was the Magna Carta?

A

It was an attempt to limit the authority of the king

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11
Q

Principles that we use today from the Magna Carta:

A
  1. The right to a trial by jury
  2. The right to due process of law
  3. No taxation without consent
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12
Q

What is due process?

A

There are certain procedures

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13
Q

English Common Law

A
  1. Precedent
  2. All men are equal under the law
  3. Life, Liberty, and Property may not be taken illegally
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14
Q

Precedent

A

The practice of judges basing their decisions on previous cases

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15
Q

Niccolo Machavelli

A

Published The Prince

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16
Q

What does he discuss in The Prince?

A

Discusses what makes an effective government

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17
Q

What does he conclude in The Prince?

A
  • He concludes that successful governments are those in which the citizens felt a patriotic attachment to the state
  • He also concludes that governments act in their own self interest
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18
Q

Bishop Bossuet

A

Writes Political Ideas Derived from the Very Words of Holy Scripture

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19
Q

What does he express in Political Ideas Derived from the Very Words of Holy Scripture?

A

He supports Royal Absolutism and the Divine Right of Kings

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20
Q

King James I

A

Writes Free Law of Free Monarchy

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21
Q

What does King James I believe about the kingdom?

A
  • He thinks that he is like the head of the family and he takes care of the people
  • He thinks they should be grateful
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22
Q

Jean Bodin

A

Writes Six Books of the Republic

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23
Q

What does he state in the Six Books of the Republic?

A
  • In every country there must be a supreme power

- The king must be constrained by natural law

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24
Q

What did Jean Bodin support?

A

Legis summi imperii

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25
Q

What does Legis summi imperii?

A

Sallic Law

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26
Q

What does Sallic Law mean?

A

No women in charge

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27
Q

What was the purpose of the English Petition of Rights?

A
  1. Limit royal authority
  2. King could not levy taxes without Parliaments consent
  3. King could not imprison someone without a specific charge, and provisions had to be provided for a jury trial
  4. King could not quarter (house) soldiers in private homes without the consent of the owners
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28
Q

Result of English Civil War and Commonwealth?

A
  1. The idea of an absolute monarch in England in destroyed forever
  2. The House of Commons becomes the dominant political power in England
  3. Opposition to a standing army
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29
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Writes Leviathan

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30
Q

What does Thomas Hobbes believe?

A

He thinks that man without government is a “state of nature”

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31
Q

What does the Act of Habeas Corpus do?

A
  1. Makes it illegal for someone to be arrested without a charge
  2. Illegal to arrest someone without making provisions for a jury trial
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32
Q

What was the purpose of English Bill of Rights?

A

Limit the power of the king

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33
Q

What does the English Bill of Rights do?

A

King could not:

  1. Suspend law
  2. Levy taxes
  3. Raise an army without Parliaments consent
  4. Interfere in Parliamentary elections
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34
Q

What was the Enlightenment?

A

An intellectual movement

35
Q

Focuses of the Enlightenment

A
  1. Science
  2. Reason
  3. Human Nature
  4. Natural Law
36
Q

Philosophs

A

Writers of the Enlightenment

37
Q

What did the philosophs believe?

A
  1. That by observing behavior in history and in the present, one can discover the laws that govern human nature and these laws can be used to design a harmonious and orderly society
  2. Freedom of thought
  3. Freedom of religion
    - Most of them are middle class or nobility
38
Q

Enlightened Despotism

A

A ruler justified his authority on his usefulness to society
- The ruler is the nations servant

39
Q

Example of Enlightened Despotism

A

Emperor Joseph of Austria

40
Q

John Locke

A

Wrote Two Treatises of Government

41
Q

What does John Locke believe?

A
  1. Man is born in a Blank Slate
  2. Man is born with certain God given natural rights
  3. Government was created to protect Natural Rights
  4. If government fails to protect those rights, man has the right to replace that government
    - Right of Revolution
42
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

Publishes The Spirit of Laws

43
Q

What does Baron de Montesquieu support?

A

Separation of Powers

44
Q

3 Groups to Separate the Power

A

One group to:

  1. Make the law
  2. Enforce the Law
  3. Interprets the law
45
Q

What did Voltaire believe?

A
  1. Rulers should use their authority to promote reform
  2. Freedom of religion
    - State churches had too much power
  3. Freedom of thought/expression
46
Q

Reform

A

Change for the better

47
Q

Censorship

A

The government read everything before publication

48
Q

Voltaire also wrote

A

Candide

49
Q

Topic of Candide

A

It criticized society

50
Q

Jean Jacques Rousseau

A

Social Contract

51
Q

What did Jean Jacques Rousseau write in his book?

A

The general will (majority) if determined democratically is more important than the will of any individual

52
Q

What did Jean Jacques Rousseau believe?

A
  1. The 3 Natural Rights

2. The Right of Revolution

53
Q

Marquis Cesare di Beccaria

A

Published: An Essay on Crimes and Punishments

54
Q

What does Marquis Cesare di Beccaria recommend?

A

He recommends a system of laws that will apply equally to all classes

55
Q

Physiocrats

A

The economists of the Enlightenment (wrote about economic issues)

56
Q

What did the Physiocrats believe?

A

Land is the source of real wealth

57
Q

Francois Quesnay

A

Famous physiocrat

- Wrote The Economic Table

58
Q

What did Quesnay support in The Economic Table?

A

he supports Laissez-Faire

59
Q

Adam Smith

A

Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealthy Nations

60
Q

Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealthy Nations states what?

A

Wealth is based off of production and because of this the government should encourage the people to produce as much as possible

61
Q

Who is the head of state?

A

The King

62
Q

What is Parliament?

A

Legislative and Executive

63
Q

Bicameral

A

Means it has two parts to the legislation

64
Q

What two parts make up Parliament?

A
  1. House of Commons

2. House of Lords

65
Q

Articles of the Confederates

A

First government in America

- Didnt work because it gave the states too much power and took away power from the central government

66
Q

Constitutional Convention purpose?

A

To revise the Articles of the Confederates

67
Q

President of the Constitutional Convention

A

George Washington

68
Q

Father of the Constitution

A

James Madison

69
Q

Oldest member of the Constitutional Convention

A

Benjamin Franklin

70
Q

Chairman of the Committee of Style

A

Gouverneur Morris

71
Q

5 Goals of the Constitutional Convention:

A

They want:

  1. Create a republic
  2. Create a stronger central government
  3. Create a written constitution
  4. Government that will protect property and human rights
  5. To reform society
72
Q

3 Major Areas of Conflict:

A
  1. Economics
    - Agricultural vs Commercial
  2. Strengthen the National Government
  3. Representation in Congress
    - Large states vs small states
73
Q

Who is the author of the Virginia Plan?

A

James Madison

74
Q

What was the government like in the Virginia Plan?

A

3 Branches of Government:

  1. Legislative
  2. Executive- Chosen by government
  3. Judicial- Chosen by government
75
Q

Other parts to the Virginia Plan

A
  1. Bicameral: Two houses
  2. Representation based on population
  3. Lower house chosen by voters
  4. Upper house chosen by lower house
  5. Each representative has one vote
76
Q

Author of the New Jersey Plan

A

William Patterson

77
Q

What is the government like in the New Jersey Plan?

A

3 Branches of Government

  1. Legislative
  2. Executive: Committee of 3
  3. Judicial Branch: Chosen by Congress
78
Q

What are the other parts to the New Jersey Plan?

A
  1. Unicameral
  2. Members chosen by voters
  3. Each state has one vote
  4. Increased powers of congress
79
Q

Connecticut Compromise author

A

Roger Sherman

80
Q

What two houses did the Connecticut Compromise have?

A
  1. Lower house

2. Upper house

81
Q

What was part of the Lower house?

A
  1. House of Representatives
  2. Membership based on population
  3. Chosen by voters
  4. Each member has one vote
82
Q

What was part of the Upper house?

A
  1. Senate
  2. Each state has two members and two votes
  3. Chosen by state legislature
83
Q

Which plan was accepted?

A

The Connecticut Compromise

84
Q

What was the purpose of the Electoral College?

A

To chose the President and Vice President

85
Q

Rules of the Electoral College:

A
  • The number of electors awarded to each state is equal to the number of congressman
  • Electors chosen by state legislature
  • Each elector casts two votes
  • First place is president, second place is Vice President
  • If no one wins a majority, the election goes to the House of Representatives with each state having one vote

Government (13 decks)

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