Chapter 2

Question 1

Concentration is defined as the amount of _____ dissolved in a unit volume of ______

Answer 1

solute

solution

Question 2

Valence electrons are found in?

Answer 2

outermost energy shells

Question 3

Which of the following molecules are predicted to easily dissolve in water?

• oils that contain C-H groups
• carbohydrates that contain -OH groups
• Ions that carry full electric charges

Answer 3

• carbohydrates that contain -OH groups

- Ions that carry full electric charges

Question 4

if you add H+ to a solution, the PH?

Answer 4

decreases

Question 5

Water is a reactant in?

• hydrolysis reaction
• condensation reaction
• dehydration reaction

Answer 5

-hydrolysis reaction

Question 6

Matter

Answer 6

anything that contains mass and occupies space

Question 7

Atoms

Answer 7

smallest functional units of matter that form all chemical substances and organisms

Question 8

molecule

Answer 8

two or more atoms bonded

Question 9

Element

Answer 9

pure substance of only one kind of atom

Question 10

Protons

Answer 10

are positive and are contained in the atomic nucleus

Question 11

Electron

Answer 11

Negative charge. Found in regions around the nucleaus

Question 12

Neutrons

Answer 12

no charge, contained in the nucleaus

Question 13

Electron shells

Answer 13

where electron orbitals are. Varying levels from the nucleus.

Question 14

Energy

Answer 14

Capacity to do work or make changes

Question 15

Valence Electons

Answer 15

electrons in the outermost shell

Question 16

Atomic number

Answer 16

number of protons in an atom

Question 17

What are the rows in the periodic table? >

Answer 17

periods, indicating number of electron shells

Question 18

What are the columns in the periodic table?

Answer 18

groups, indicating number of electrons in the outermost shell

Question 19

Atomic Mass

Answer 19

an atom’s mass relative to the mass of other atoms

Question 20

What does a Dalton measure?

Answer 20

dalton or Da measures the atomic mass. Also known as atomic mass unit (amu)

Question 21

What is avogardo’s number?

Answer 21

6.022 x 10^23

Question 22

Isotopes

Answer 22

elements that exist in multiple forms

Question 23

Radioisotopes

Answer 23

unstable isotopes. they lose energy by emitting subatomic particles and/or radation

Question 24

The mass of all living organisms is largely composed of what 4 elements?

Answer 24

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 25

The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule is equal to the molecules _________ ________.

Answer 25

molecular mass

Question 26

Concentration =

Answer 26

• quantity of solute / quantity of solution

- it can also be seen as molarity (M)

Question 27

Can gases be dissolved?

Answer 27

yes. ex. CO2 in soda and oxygen in our bodies

Question 28

What does pH indicated?

Answer 28

amount of hydrogen in a concentration

Question 29

What is a positive ion?

Answer 29

cation

Question 30

What negative ion?

Answer 30

anion