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Bio 111 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What must a good hypothesis do and be?

A

Make predictions and be falsifiable

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2
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya

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3
Q

What are the segments of DNA that govern an organism’s characteristics?

A

genes

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4
Q

What does a genome store the info to produce?

A

proteome

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5
Q

Eukarya

A

uni or multicellular eukaryotes

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6
Q

Bacteria

A

unicellular prokaryotes that inhabit most environments

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7
Q

Archaea

A

unicellular prokaryotes that inhabit extreme environments

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8
Q

What is genomics the study of?

A

DNA sequences

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9
Q

What is the role of most genes?

A

To encode mRNAs to produce proteins

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10
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

two part scientific names

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11
Q

What is each part a binomial nomenclature for?

A

1st part- genus

2nd part- species

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12
Q

Why is genome critical to life?

A
  • stores info in a stable form
  • provides continuity from generation to generation
  • acts as an instrument of evolutionary change
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13
Q

proteomes

A

all proteins that a cell or organism creates

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14
Q

What type of gene transfer can occur between members of different species?

A

Horizontal gene transfer

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15
Q

Ecology

A

study of organisms in their natural enviroment

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16
Q

Reductionism

A

reducing complex systems to simpler components

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17
Q

10 levels of Biological orginization

A
  1. atoms 2.molecules and macro-molecules 3.cells

4. tissues 5.organs 6.organism 7.population 8.community 9.ecosystem 10.biosphere

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18
Q

Emergent properties

A

characteristics that result from individual components in an organism working with each other or the enviroment

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19
Q

Systems biology

A

study of how new properties of life arise

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20
Q

Properties of life

A
  1. Energy use
  2. reproduction
  3. stages of development and growth
  4. homeostasis
  5. responds to their environment
  6. cells and organization
  7. evolution
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21
Q

Scientific Method steps

A
  1. observe and ask questions
  2. proposing answers (creating a hypothesis)
  3. testing the hypothesis (an experiment)
  4. analyse the results to accept or reject the hypothesis
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22
Q

centi =

A

1/100

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23
Q

milli =

A

one thousandth

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24
Q

micro =

A

one millionth

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25
Q

nano =

A

one billionth

26
Q

kilo =

A

1000

27
Q

independent variable

A

can be manipulated

28
Q

dependent variable

A

observed/ measured outcome such as height

29
Q

control variables

A

all other variables that must remain constant

30
Q

Meniscus

A

thick line or bow on glass containing liquid

31
Q

1 gram = ? ounces

A

1 gram = 0.035 ounces

32
Q

1 meter = ? inches

A

1 meter = 39.37 inches (just a littler more than a yard)

33
Q

12 Principles of Biology

A
  1. cells are simplest form of life
  2. living organisms use energy
  3. living organisms interact with environment
  4. living organisms maintain homeostasis
  5. living organisms grow and develop
  6. genetic material provides blueprint for reproduction
  7. populations evolve
  8. all species related by evolution history
  9. structure determines function
  10. new properties emerge from complex interactions
  11. biology is an experimental science
  12. biology affects our society
34
Q

Cell

A

simplest form of life

35
Q

cell thoery

A
  1. all organisms are composed of cells
  2. cells are smallest unit of life
  3. new cells created from previous cells via cell division
36
Q

respiration

A

release of energy

37
Q

metabolism

A

chemical reactions involved in break down & synthesis of cellular molecules

38
Q

photosynthesis

A

harness light energy to produce nutrients

39
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintains internal conditions

40
Q

growth

A

produces more or larger cells

41
Q

development

A

series of changes in cell,tissue, organ or organisms resulting in defined set of characteristics

42
Q

DNA

A

deoxy-ribonucleic acid

43
Q

Genes

A

segments of DNA

44
Q

polypeptide

A

specific amino acid sequence

45
Q

protein

A

composed of 1 or more polypeptide

46
Q

genome

A

complete genetic compistion

47
Q

proteome

A

complete protein compistion of a cell or organism

48
Q

How many options does a hypothesis need?

A

Just one or it is not specific enough

49
Q

Which axis does the dependent variable go on in a graph?

A

y axis

50
Q

Which axis does the independent variable go on in a graph?

A

x axis

51
Q

Vertical eveolution

A

occurs in lineage and has mutations

52
Q

mutations

A

random changes in genetics

53
Q

natural selection

A

if mutations is beneficial it will increase with each generation

54
Q

Taxonomy

A

grouping of species

55
Q

Prokaryotic

A

bacteria and archaea fall into this due to simple cell structure

56
Q

Eukaryotic

A
  • larger cells with internal compartments for various functions
  • they have a cell nucleus
57
Q

cell nucleus

A

genetic material is surrounded by a membrane

58
Q

What determines the function of a biological molecule?

A

It structure

59
Q

Science involves which of the following?

  • concrete proof
  • observation
  • experimental investigation
  • theoretical explanation
A
  • observation
  • experimental investigation
  • theoretical explanation
60
Q

The info necessary to produce an organism’s proteome is stored in its?

A

genome

Bio 111 (5 decks)

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