Chapter 2 Flashcards
What significant change occurred in the DSM-5 regarding the classification of Neurodevelopmental Disorders?
Neurodevelopmental Disorders were placed as the first class
What term replaced ‘Mental Retardation’ in DSM-5?
Intellectual Disability
What is the significance of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in DSM-5?
ASD became an umbrella term
How did Learning Disorders change in DSM-5?
Learning Disorders became Specific Learning Disorders with coded specifiers
Which disorder was reclassified into a new category in DSM-5?
Oppositional Defiant Disorder moved to Disruptive Impulse-Control Disorders
List the categories of Neurodevelopmental Disorders as per DSM-5.
- Intellectual Disabilities
- Communication Disorders
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)
- Motor Disorders
What is the definition of Intellectual Developmental Disorder?
A type of Intellectual Disability
What is Global Developmental Delay?
A diagnosis for children under 5 who cannot be reliably assessed
What is Unspecified Intellectual Disability?
For individuals who cannot be reliably assessed
What does Language Disorder involve?
Difficulty in spoken/written comprehension or production
What is Speech Sound Disorder?
Problems in speech production, such as articulation
What characterizes Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder?
Issues with speech fluency, commonly known as stuttering
Define Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder.
Difficulty with social language use
What are the key deficits associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
- Deficits in social communication
- Repetitive behaviors
What are the specifiers for Autism Spectrum Disorder?
With or without intellectual or language impairment
What are some etiological factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder?
- Genetic
- Neurobiological factors (e.g., larger amygdala, low oxytocin)
What types of treatment are available for Autism Spectrum Disorder?
- Behavioral therapies
- Medications (SSRIs, tranquilizers)
What are the symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
- Inattention
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
What is the onset age for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Before age 12
What are the etiological factors associated with ADHD?
- Genetic
- Neurochemical (dopamine, GABA)
- Environmental (e.g., maternal smoking)
What treatments are available for ADHD?
- Behavioral interventions
- Stimulant medications (e.g., Ritalin, Adderall)
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for adults
What does Low Arousal Theory suggest about ADHD?
ADHD brains are under-aroused, leading to impulsive behaviors
What defines Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)?
Persistent difficulties in academic skills such as reading, writing, and math
What are the types of Specific Learning Disorder?
- Dyslexia (Reading Impairment)
- Dyscalculia (Math Impairment)
- Written Expression Impairment
