Chapter 1 Flashcards by Azzam Abdulcader

someone who is ill and passively
waits to be treated

Patient

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person seeking psychological
treatment

Client

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mental health professionals
with training in behavioral sciences who
provide direct service to clients

Psychologist-

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medical doctors with advanced
training in treating people with
psychological disorders

Psychiatrist-

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procedure in which a clinician
evaluates a person in terms of the
psychological, physical, and social factors that
influence the individual’s functioning

Assessment-

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most commonly used
assessment tool for developing an
understanding a client and the nature of the
client’s current problems

Clinical Interview-

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involves a series of
open-ended questions

Unstructured Interview-

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consist of a
standardized series of questions with
predetermined wording and order

Structured Interview-

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term used by
clinicians to describe what the client thinks
about, how the client talks and acts

Mental Status Examination-

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while every info
about the appearance and behavior of the client
can have diagnostic significance, the
movements and level of activity of the client are
especially noteworthy

Appearance and Behavior-

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abnormally
energized physical activity

Hyperactivity-

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a state of
an individual being restless and
stirred up

Psychomotor Agitation-

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abnormally slow movements and

lethargy

Psychomotor Retardation-

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extreme motor
disturbances in a psychotic disorder
not attributable to physiological
causes

Catatonia-

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repetitive and
seemingly purposeful behavior
performed in response to
uncontrollable urges or according
to a ritualistic or stereotyped set of
rules

Compulsion-

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pertains to the ideas that
fill a person’s head

Content of Thought-

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unwanted thought,
word or phrase, or image that
persistently and repeatedly comes
into mind and causes distress

Obsessions-

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deeply entrenched false
beliefs that are not consistent with
the client’s intelligence or cultural
background

Delusions-

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thoughts that
have an odd and absurd quality but
are usually bizarre or deeply
entrenched

Overvalued Ideas-

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a peculiarity of
thinking in which an individual
would make a connection between
two objects that other people will
see us unrelated

Magical Thinking-

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a grossly exaggerated
conception of an individual’s own
importance

Grandeur Delusions-

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the feeling that one is
being controlled by others, or even by
machines or appliances

Delusion of Control-

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the belief that the
behavior of others or certain objects or
events are personally referring oneself

Delusion of Reference-

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the belief that
other person or persons are trying to inflict
harm on the individual on that individual’s
family or social group

Delusion of Persecution-

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feelings of remorse without justification

Delusion of Self-Blame-

inappropriate concerns about one's body, typically related to disease

Somatic Delusions-

a false belief usually associated with pathological jealousy involving the notion that one’s lover is being unfaithful

Delusion of Infidelity-

the idea that one’s thoughts are being broadcasted to others

Delusion of Thought Broadcasting-

the belief that thoughts are being inserted into one's mind by outside forces

Delusion of Thought Insertion-

An Individual's outward expressions of emotion

Affect

An Individual's personal experience of emotion

Mood

Neither happy nor sad

euthymic

Unpleasant feeling

dysphoric

Cheerful,elated,possibly even ecstatic

euphoric

False perceptions not corresponding to the objective stimuli present in the environment

Hallucination

clinicians also need to assess whether the individual is still oriented or has awareness of: Time, Place, Identity

Orientation-

speech that is incomprehensible

Incoherence-

a flow of thoughts that is vague, unfocused, and illogical

Loosening of Associations-

thinking characterize by contradictions and erroneous conclusions

Illogical Thinking-

words invented by a person, or distortions of existing words to which a person has given new personalized meanings

Neologisms-

the experience to which a person seemingly loses a thought in the midst of speaking to a period of silence ranging from seconds to minutes

Blocking-

speech that is indirect and delayed in reaching the point because of irrelevant and tedious details

Circumstantiality-

going completely off the track and never

Tangentiality-

speech in which the sound, rather than the meaning of words, determines the content of the individual's speech

Clanging-

fabricating facts or events to fill in voids in one's memory; common with people with neurocognitive disorders

Confabulation-

persistent repetition or echoing of words, phrases, as if the person is intending to be mocking or sarcastic

Echolalia-

fast-paced speech that, while in intelligible, is marked by acceleration, abrupt changes of topic, and plays on words

Flight of Ideas-

speech that is so rapid and driven that it seems as though the individual is being inwardly compelled to utter a stream of nonstop dialogue

Pressure of Speech-

repetition of the same idea, word, or sound

Perseveration-

this is the part where clinicians get the client’s reported and observable symptoms

The Diagnostic Process-

after getting reported and observable symptoms, clinicians will look up the symptoms of the client and compare it with what is present in the DSM-5

Diagnostic Criteria and Differential Diagnosis-

after doing a Differential Diagnosis, the clinician will then reach this stage

Final Diagnosis-

after reaching a Final Diagnosis, the clinician will now determine how the client might have reached a certain point of maladaptive behaviors

Case Formulation-

the clinician proceeds to make sure that the conceptualization is culturally appropriate

Cultural Formulation-

it is published by the American Psychiatric Association

DSM

it was the first official psychiatric manual to describe psychological disorders and was a major step forward in the search for the standard set of diagnostic criteria 1952:

DSM-I

based its classifications on mental disorders on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 1968:

DSM-II

provided precise criteria of each disorder and enabled clinicians to be more quantitative and objective 1980:

DSM-III

it was published to quantify the criteria further, and was used as an interim manual until a more complete one 1987:

DSM-III R

relied on comprehensive reviews, thorough analysis of research data and failed trials to test validity and reliability 1994:

DSM-IV

it was a text revision which included revisions to the DSM-IV 2000:

DSM-IV TR

it is now in effect, prohibiting the use of the DSM-IV since Dec 31, 2013

DSM-V

DSM-5 Structure

Section I: Basics Section II: Diagnostic Criteria and Codes Section III: Emerging Measures and Models Appendix

define mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive phenomenological subgroupings within a diagnosis

Subtypes-

provide an opportunity to define a more homogeneous subgrouping of individuals with the disorder who share certain features

Specifiers-

- they are not codable diagnosis included in the 19 diagnostic classes, but are included in the discussion of the DSM-5 as they may necessitate clinical attention

Medication-Induced Movement Disorders and Other Conditions (that may be a focus of clinical attention)-

when more than one diagnosis for an individual is given in an inpatient setting, It is the condition established after study to be chiefly responsible for occasioning the admission of the individual

Principal Diagnosis-

the specifier can be used when there is a strong presumption that the full criteria will ultimately be met for a disorder, but not enough information is available to make a firm diagnosis

Provisional Diagnosis-