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Medical Terminology > chapter 2 > Flashcards

chapter 2 Flashcards

med terms

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

State of equilibrium that is maintained in the body’s internal environment to support and sustain life.

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2
Q

Anatomical term

A

Refers to the terms that are used to describe the human body

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3
Q

Cell

A

basic building block of the human body

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4
Q

Order

A

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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5
Q

Ex of an atom

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

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6
Q

Ex of a molecule

A

sugars, proteins, water

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7
Q

Ex of an organelle

A

mitochondrion, nucleus, ribosomes

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8
Q

Ex of a cell

A

epithelial cells, nerve cells, muscle cells

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9
Q

Ex of tissue

A

epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue

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10
Q

Ex of an organ

A

lung, brain, stomach, kidney

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11
Q

Ex of organ systems

A

Respiratory system, nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system

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12
Q

tissue

A

a grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function

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13
Q

epithelial tissue

A

forms outer surfaces of the body and lines body cavities, as well as the tubes that lead to the exterior of the body.
functions as protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, and diffusion. specialized cells in the skin, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue to help the body interpret sensory stimuli.
Secretes hormones, enzymes, and lubricating fluids from various glands.
Lines small intestine and aids the body in absorbing nutrients from food.
Secretes waste products in the kidneys and sweat from skin.
Found in lungs, and capillaries where the diffusion of gases, liquids and nutrients occur.

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14
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Builds the support for the body’s organs and muscle sheaths and also connects muscle to bones and bones to joint.
Most abundant tissue in the body

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15
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Forms muscle throughout the body
3 types
1. Skeletal muscle: Voluntarily controlled and is used by the body for movement and posture.
2. Smooth muscle: Involuntarily and is found in organs such as the esophagus, stomach, intestine, and bladder. It is not under conscious control and is instead controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
3. Cardiac muscle: Found in the heart, and it is also involuntarily and controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

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16
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Functions to communicate throughout the body.
Nerve cells are excitable and can conduct electricity
Nervous tissue coordinates and controls the function of the body.

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17
Q

Organs

A

Structures in the body that perform specific purposes

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18
Q

Systems

A

Groups of different organs functioning together for a common purpose

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19
Q

Integumentary

A

Protective membrane, temperature regulator, sensory receptor

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20
Q

Skeletal

A

Framework and movement: Shape, support, protection, and storage place for minerals. Movement is made possible through joints

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20
Q

Muscular

A

Framework and movement: Muscles produce movement, maintain posture, and produce heat

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21
Q

Nervous

A

Communication and control: Transmits impulses, responds to change, responsible for communication, and exercises control over all parts of the body

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21
Q

Endocrine

A

Communication and control: Glands of this system produce hormones, chemical messengers, that provide for communication and control over the various parts of the body

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22
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Transportation and immunity: Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, dissolves nutrients and hormones, and removes waste products

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23
Q

Blood and Lymphatic System

A

Transportation and immunity: Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, chemical substances and cells that act to protect the body from foreign substances. Stimulates immune response, protects the body, and transports proteins and fluids.

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24
Q

Respiratory System

A

Distribution and elimination: furnishes oxygen for use by individual tissue cells and removes their gaseous waste product, carbon dioxide.

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25
Q

Digestive System

A

Distribution and elimination: digestion, absorption, and elimination

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26
Q

Urinary

A

Distribution and elimination: produces urine, transports urine and eliminates urine. The kidneys help maintain electrolyte, water, and acid-base balance of the body

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27
Q

Reproductive

A

Cycle of life: Responsible for sexual characteristics of the male and or female. Proper functioning ensures survival of the human race

28
Q

Anatomical position/ plane

A

Body is upright, face forward, arms out, palms forward

29
Q

Sagittal

A

Divides the body/ structure vertically into right and left sections

30
Q

Midsagittal

A

Divides the body/ structure into equal right and left halves at the midline

31
Q

Transverse/ Horizontal

A

Divides the body/ structure into superior and inferior sections

32
Q

Coronal/ frontal

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. At a right angel to the midsagittal plane

33
Q

Super

A

Above, in an upward direction, towards the head

34
Q

Inferior- infer/o

A

Below in a downward direction, toward the feet

35
Q

Anterior- Anter/o

A

In front of, before, front side of the body

36
Q

Posterior- Poster/o

A

Toward the backside of the body

37
Q

Cephalic- Cephal/o

A

Pertaining to the head, superior in position

38
Q

Caudal- Caud/o

A

Pertaining to the tail, inferior in position

39
Q

Medial- medi/o

A

Nearest to midline or middle

40
Q

Lateral- Later/o

A

To the side, away from the middle

41
Q

Proximal- Proxim/o

A

Nearest to point of attachment, near point of origin

42
Q

Distal- Dist/o

A

Away from the point of attachment, near point of origin

43
Q

Deep

A

Further below surface

44
Q

Superficial

A

Near to surface

44
Q

Cavities

A

Hallow spaces that contain organs. Enclosed with membranes

45
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Contains the brain. The brain is protected by a membrane sac called meninges. Protected by the skull

46
Q

Posterior side cavities

A

Cranial and Spinal

47
Q

Anterior side cavities

A

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic

48
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Contains spinal cord. Protected by the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and covered by meninges.

49
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Contains heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus gland. Protected by ribs, separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by diaphragm. The thoracic cavity is divided into mediastinum and pleural cavities.

50
Q

Mediastinum

A

The central region of the thoracic cavity. Contains heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta, and thymus glad.

51
Q

2 pleural cavities

A

Lateral to the mediastinum on either side. Contains lungs, covered by a membrane called pleura.

52
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Divided into superior sections and inferior sections. (abdominal & pelvic cavity)

53
Q

Peritoneum

A

The membrane that covers the abdominopelvic cavity.

54
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestines, and most of the large intestines

55
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Contains urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, and last section of the large intestine in both sexes. Contains reproductive organs
Females: vagina, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes
Males: prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and vas deferens

56
Q

Right hypochondriac region

A

The right lateral side of the upper row under the ribs that connect to the sternum via cartilage

57
Q

Epigastric region

A

The middle area of the upper row that is above the stomach

58
Q

Left Hypochondriac region

A

The left lateral side of the upper row

59
Q

Right lumbar region

A

Right lateral side of the middle row, near the waiste

60
Q

Umbilical region

A

Middle area of the middle row containing the umbilicus

60
Q

Left lumbar region

A

Left lateral side of the middle row

60
Q

Right iliac region

A

Right lateral side of the lower row near the groin

61
Q

Hypogastric region

A

Middle area of the lower row near the groin

62
Q

Left iliac region

A

Left lateral side of the lower row

63
Q

RUQ

A

Contains the majority of the liver, right kidney, a portion of the large intestine, a small portion of the pancreas, the gallbladder, and a section of the small intestines

64
Q

RLQ

A

Contains portions of the large intestine, and portions of the small intestine. The right ureter, appendix, and in females, the right ovary and right fallopian tube

65
Q

LLQ

A

Contains portions of the small and large intestines, left ureter, and in females, left ovary, and left uterine tube

66
Q

LUQ

A

Contains a small portion of the liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, majority of the pancreas and portions of the small and large intestines.

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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