chapter 2

Question 1

phenotypes

Answer 1

directly observable characteristics

Question 2

genotype

Answer 2

complex blend of genetic information that determines our species and influences all our unique characteristics

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

store and transmit genetic information

Question 4

autosomes

Answer 4

22 of 23 pairs of chromosomes are matching pairs (not sex chromosomes)

Question 5

intersex

Answer 5

a person born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t fit typical definitions of female or male

Question 6

meiosis

Answer 6

process in which gametes are formed through cell division

Question 7

gametes

Answer 7

sex cells (sperm and ovum) created by meiosis containing only 23 chromosomes

Question 8

zygote

Answer 8

cell formed when sperm and ovum unite at conception, 46 chromosomes

Question 9

socioeconomic status (SES)

Answer 9

years of education, the prestige of one’s job and the skill that’s required, income

Question 10

affluence & poverty

Answer 10

-affluence doesn’t equal good parenting
-demanding jobs make affluent parents just as physically and emotionally unavailable as those lower on the SES

Question 11

difference between fraternal and identical twins

Answer 11

-fraternal (dizygotic) - two zygotes, or fertilized ova
-identical (monozygotic) - one zygote that divides into two individuals

Question 12

What is the main chromosomal abnormality we
discussed in class? What are the chromosomal
differences in those with this abnormality?

Answer 12

down syndrome - results from problems with the 21st pair of chromosomes adding a 3rd pair

Question 13

What are the 3 main reproductive choices?

Answer 13

conception, reproductive tech, adoption

Question 14

What is a significant factor in risk of hereditary
disorders?

Answer 14

maternal age over 35, paternal age over 40