chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

child development

A

involves the biological, psychological, and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence

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2
Q

domains of development

A

physical, cognitive, emotional and social

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3
Q

continuous development

A

gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with

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4
Q

discontinuous development

A

new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times

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5
Q

psychoanalytic perspective

A

-freud and erikson
-conflicts between biological drives and social expectations
-determines their ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with anxiety
-inner mental processes, conscious and unconscious
-tend to be more theoretical and harder to test

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6
Q

behaviorism

A

watson: directly observable events, classical conditioning (stimulus response), adults can shape the child’s behaviors (little albert)

skinner: operant conditioning (reinforcers and punishments), attention to behaviors you want to see and ignore those you don’t want to see

bandura: social learning theory, focused on social-cognitive, behaviorism may underestimate child’s contribution to their own development

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7
Q

social learning theory

A

modeling, imitation, and observational learning

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8
Q

cognitive-development

A

cognitive awareness, change their faulty thinking as they have new experiences, active learners
-piaget

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9
Q

classical conditioning

A

stimulus response

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10
Q

operant conditioning

A

-positive reinforcement: add good stuff
-positive punishment: add bad stuff
-negative punishment: delay good stuff
-negative reinforcement: delay bad stuff
-punishment decreases behavior while reinforcement increases a behavior

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11
Q

ecological systems theory

A

the environment is not a static force, but is ever changing

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12
Q

theories in child development take a stand on three basic issues

A

continuous or discontinuous development? one course of development or many? roles of genetic and environmental factors?

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13
Q

what are the three things theory can do with behavior?

A

describe, explain, predict behavior

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