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CDI 6 > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

1
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE BASED ON CAUSE

A
  1. NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL
  2. ACCIDENTAL FIRE
  3. INTENTIONAL FIRE/INCENDIARY
  4. UNDERMINED
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2
Q
  • Involves fires without direct human intervention; caused by acts of God.
A

NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL

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2
Q

-This kind of fire can never be prevented as usually hard to control.

A

NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL

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3
Q

-It comes in the form of lightning bolts, erupting volcanoes or as a result of tremors.

A

NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL

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4
Q

Examples:
- Earthquake
- Typhoon
- Lightning

A

NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL

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5
Q
  • Spontaneous combustion arising from the storage of combustible materials in poorly ventilated places
A

NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL

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5
Q
  • Explosion from petroleum products, alcohol and other substances
  • Sun rays focused on glasses which may serve as a convex lens
A

NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL

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6
Q

– it is caused mostly by human error and negligence.

A

ACCIDENTAL FIRE

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7
Q

-Such as smoking in bed, defective LPG containers, faulty electrical wiring, leaving plugged electrical appliances.

A

ACCIDENTAL FIRE

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8
Q

Examples:
- Carelessly discarded cigarettes
- Careless disposition of readily combustible materials
- Poorly managed or defective heating facilities
- Overheating, spark and electrical defects
- Overload electric circuits/ Octopus connections
- Children playing matches
- Use of candles

A

ACCIDENTAL FIRE

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9
Q

– this is known as incendiarism or classified as Arson.

A

INTENTIONAL FIRE/INCENDIARY

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10
Q

-This kind of fire is set on purpose either to collect insurance, cover-up another crime or personal/business rivalry.

A

INTENTIONAL FIRE/INCENDIARY

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11
Q

– whenever the cause cannot be proven, the proper classification is undetermined.

A

UNDERMINED

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12
Q

BASED ON BURNING FUEL (4 Classes of Fire)

A

CLASS A, B, C, D, E

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13
Q

the fuel is comprised of normal combustible materials such as wood, paper, fibers, draperies, and trash.

A

CLASS A

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14
Q

-It requires saturation by water or water fog.

A

CLASS A

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15
Q

the fuel is flammable liquid such as gasoline, kerosene, cleaning fluids, grease, and alcohol.

A

CLASS B

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15
Q

fires are those which start with live electrical wires, equipment, electrical appliances.

A

CLASS C

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16
Q
  • In combating such fires, the flammable liquids must be smothered to deprive them of oxygen, hence foam extinguishers and CO2 may be utilized.
A

CLASS B

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17
Q

-It is commonly known as electrical fires.

A

CLASS C

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18
Q

-It is easily extinguished by non-conducting agents such as CO2 and dry chemicals.

A

CLASS C

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19
Q
  • this type of fire is rare, and usually occurs in the manufacturing facilities, since the combustible materials are certain metals such as potassium and magnesium.
A

CLASS D

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19
Q

-It can be extinguished by using dry powder ABC chemical, baking soda or sand.

A

CLASS D

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20
Q

– This type of fire is caused by combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen.

A

Class E Fuels

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20
Q

EXTINGUISHING AGENT OF CLASS A

A

WATER (ALL AGENTS)

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21
Q

EXTINGUISHING AGENT OF CLASS B

A

foam/carbon dioxide (all agents)

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22
Q

EXTINGUISHING AGENT OF CLASS C

A

– carbon dioxide/powder (never use water, soda acid and foam)

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23
Q

EXTINGUISHING AGENT OF CLASS D

A

– special powder

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23
Q

EXTINGUISHING AGENT OF CLASS E

A

– all agents

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23
Q

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER RELATED WITH FIRES:

A
  1. SPECIFIC GRAVITY/ RELATIVE DENSITY
  2. VAPOR DENSITY
  3. TEMPERATURE
  4. VAPOR PRESSURE
  5. FIRE POINT
  6. FLASH POINT
  7. IGNITION/KINDLING TEMPERATURE
  8. BOILING POINT
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24
Q
  • which refers to the ratio of the weight of the liquid or the solid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
A

SPECIFIC GRAVITY/ RELATIVE DENSITY

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25
Q

–mass of the solid or liquid material over the volume of water

A

SPECIFIC GRAVITY/ RELATIVE DENSITY

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25
Q
  • how compact the material is
A

DENSITY

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26
Q
  • which is the weight of the volume of pure gas opposed to the weight of a volume of dry air with the same temperature and pressure.
A

VAPOR DENSITY

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27
Q
  • refers to the measure of the degree of thermal agitation or disturbance of molecules.
A

TEMPERATURE

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27
Q
  • which is the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of the liquid at equilibrium.
A

VAPOR PRESSURE

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28
Q
  • which refers to the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are developed fast enough to support uninterrupted combustion.
A

FIRE POINT

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28
Q

–minimum temperature of a material will continue burning after the ignition source is removed

A

FIRE POINT

29
Q

HOW MANY SECONDS IS THE CONTINUATION OF BURNING

30
Q

-the lowest temperature at which a flammable forms a vapor-air mixture that ignites (mixture with in the explosive range)

A

FLASH POINT

31
Q

–substance that will ignite briefly but vapor might not be produced at a rate to sustain a fire

A

FLASH POINT

32
Q
  • which is also referred to as ignition temperature
A

KINDLING TEMPERATURE

33
Q

-refers to the minimum temperature to which the substance in the air must be heated in order to start a self-contained combustion without adding heat from other sources.

A

IGNITION/KINDLING TEMPERATURE

34
Q
  • which is the constant heat at which vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
A

BOILING POINT

35
Q

–liquid will transition in a gas matter is

A

EVAPORATION

36
Q

To burn a fuel (combustible material), its

A

temperature must be raised until ignition point is reached

37
Q

When the temperature of a certain substance is very high, it releases highly combustible vapors known as

A

FREE RADICALS

38
Q

are the combustible vapors such as hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen

A

FREE RADICALS

39
Q

The fuel is heated until its temperature reaches its

A

FIRE POINT

40
Q

takes place- moisture in the fuel is converted to vapor

A

Decomposition

41
Q

produces combustible vapors that rise to the surface of the fuel (free radicals)

A

Decomposition

42
Q

undergo combustion

A

Free radicals

43
Q

-aka “THERMAL DECOMPOSITION”

44
Q

-defined as the chemical decomposition of matter through the action of heat

45
Q

-in this case, the decomposition of causes a change from a solid state to vapor state.

46
Q

-If the vapor mixes sufficiently with air and heated to high temperature, combustion results

47
Q

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE

A
  1. ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS (ENDO)
  2. EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS (EXO)
  3. OXIDATION
  4. FLAMES
48
Q

– which refers to changes whereby energy (heat) is added or absorbed before the reaction takes place.

A

ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS (ENDO)

49
Q

-Energy is conserved in chemical reactions.

A

ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS (ENDO)

50
Q

-If stronger bonds break than are formed, heat must be absorbed from the surroundings, and the reaction is

A

ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS (ENDO)

51
Q

-Spontaneous ______ are also well known such as the dissolving of salt in water.

A

ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS (ENDO)

52
Q

– are those that give off or release energy or heat which produces substance with less energy than the reactants.

A

EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS

53
Q

– which refers to the chemical changes which combustible materials and oxidizing agents reacts.

54
Q

-Some reactions, such as explosions and fire, take place swiftly.

55
Q

-Other reactions, such as rusting, transpire slowly.

56
Q

is combustion which is the same as actual burning (rapid oxidation)

57
Q

-are incandescent (very bright/glowing with intense heat) gases

58
Q
  • refers to a glowing body of mixed gases undergoing the process of combustion.
59
Q

commonly consist of a mixture of oxygen (or air) and another gas, usually such combustible substances as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbon.

60
Q
  • combustion product and a manifestation of fire when it is in its gas-phased combustion
61
Q

BASED ON COLOR AND COMPLETENESS OF COMBUSTIBILITY OF FUEL

A

o NONLUMINOUS FLAME
o LUMINOUS FLAME

62
Q

– the color of the flame is blue due to the almost complete combustion of the fuel and has relatively high temperature and forms no soot deposit.

A

NONLUMINOUS FLAME

63
Q

– the color is orange-red due to incomplete combustion of the fuel, has relatively lower temperature and will deposit soot to anything being subjected to it.

A

LUMINOUS FLAME

64
Q

BASED ON SMOOTHNESS

A

o TURBULENT FLAMES
o LAMINAR FLAMES

65
Q

-which refer to those having irregular and unsteady swirls.

A

TURBULENT FLAMES

66
Q

-As physical size, gas density or velocity is increased, all laminar gas flows tend to become THIS

A

TURBULENT FLAMES

67
Q

-which refer to flames which generally follows a smooth path through a gaseous flame.

A

LAMINAR FLAMES

68
Q

BASED ON AIR AND FUEL MIXTURE

A

o DIFFUSION FLAMES
o PRE-MIXED FLAMES

69
Q

–is observed when gas (fuel) alone is forced through a nozzle into the atmosphere which diffuse in the surrounding atmosphere in order to form a flammable mixture

A

DIFFUSION FLAMES

70
Q

-the candle flame is an example of this

A

DIFFUSION FLAMES

71
Q
  • are those observed when hydrocarbon is mixed with air before reaching the flame zone.
A

PRE-MIXED FLAMES

72
Q

–is exemplified by BUNSEN-TYPE LABORATORY BURNER where hydrocarbon (any substance containing primarily carbon and hydrogen) is thoroughly mixed with air before reaching the flame none

A

PRE-MIXED FLAMES

73
Q

where hydrocarbon (any substance containing primarily carbon and hydrogen) is thoroughly mixed with air before reaching the flame none

A

BUNSEN-TYPE LABORATORY BURNER

74
Q
  • which is made up of minute or fine solid particles and condensed vapor resulting from combustion.
75
Q
  • indication that the fuel used in the fire maybe tar, plastic, rubber, or petroleum products.
A

BLACK SMOKE WITH DEEP RED LITMUS FLAMES

76
Q
  • the result when the fuel used is manganese or chlorine.
A

GREENISH YELLOW FLAME

76
Q
  • indicates that calcium is used.
A

BRIGHT REDDISH-YELLOW FLAME

76
Q
  • an indication that nitrogen products were used in the fire.
A

HEAVY BROWN SMOKE WITH BRIGHT RED FLAMES

77
Q

indicates that magnesium is used.

A

WHITE SMOKE WITH BRIGHT RED FLAMES

78
Q

would specify that asphalt shingles are used in the fire.

A

BLACK SMOKE WITH RED AND BLUE-GREEN FLAMES

79
Q

would show that potassium was used in the fire as fuel.

A

LAVENDER OR PURPLE FLAMES

80
Q

are gases which remain when the products of combustion are cooled to normal temperature.

A

FIRE GASES

81
Q

are incandescent gases which accompanies rapid oxidation of any combustible material.

82
Q

which is always measured as high temperature is a normal result of combustion.

CDI 6 (5 decks)

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