CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
1
Q
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE BASED ON CAUSE
A
- NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL
- ACCIDENTAL FIRE
- INTENTIONAL FIRE/INCENDIARY
- UNDERMINED
2
Q
- Involves fires without direct human intervention; caused by acts of God.
A
NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL
2
Q
-This kind of fire can never be prevented as usually hard to control.
A
NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL
3
Q
-It comes in the form of lightning bolts, erupting volcanoes or as a result of tremors.
A
NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL
4
Q
Examples:
- Earthquake
- Typhoon
- Lightning
A
NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL
5
Q
- Spontaneous combustion arising from the storage of combustible materials in poorly ventilated places
A
NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL
5
Q
- Explosion from petroleum products, alcohol and other substances
- Sun rays focused on glasses which may serve as a convex lens
A
NATURAL FIRE/ PROVIDENTIAL
6
Q
– it is caused mostly by human error and negligence.
A
ACCIDENTAL FIRE
7
Q
-Such as smoking in bed, defective LPG containers, faulty electrical wiring, leaving plugged electrical appliances.
A
ACCIDENTAL FIRE
8
Q
Examples:
- Carelessly discarded cigarettes
- Careless disposition of readily combustible materials
- Poorly managed or defective heating facilities
- Overheating, spark and electrical defects
- Overload electric circuits/ Octopus connections
- Children playing matches
- Use of candles
A
ACCIDENTAL FIRE
9
Q
– this is known as incendiarism or classified as Arson.
A
INTENTIONAL FIRE/INCENDIARY
10
Q
-This kind of fire is set on purpose either to collect insurance, cover-up another crime or personal/business rivalry.
A
INTENTIONAL FIRE/INCENDIARY
11
Q
– whenever the cause cannot be proven, the proper classification is undetermined.
A
UNDERMINED
12
Q
BASED ON BURNING FUEL (4 Classes of Fire)
A
CLASS A, B, C, D, E
13
Q
the fuel is comprised of normal combustible materials such as wood, paper, fibers, draperies, and trash.
A
CLASS A
14
Q
-It requires saturation by water or water fog.
A
CLASS A
15
Q
the fuel is flammable liquid such as gasoline, kerosene, cleaning fluids, grease, and alcohol.
A
CLASS B
15
Q
fires are those which start with live electrical wires, equipment, electrical appliances.
A
CLASS C
16
Q
- In combating such fires, the flammable liquids must be smothered to deprive them of oxygen, hence foam extinguishers and CO2 may be utilized.
A
CLASS B
17
Q
-It is commonly known as electrical fires.
A
CLASS C
18
Q
-It is easily extinguished by non-conducting agents such as CO2 and dry chemicals.
A
CLASS C
19
Q
- this type of fire is rare, and usually occurs in the manufacturing facilities, since the combustible materials are certain metals such as potassium and magnesium.
A
CLASS D
19
Q
-It can be extinguished by using dry powder ABC chemical, baking soda or sand.
A
CLASS D
20
Q
– This type of fire is caused by combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen.
A
Class E Fuels
20
EXTINGUISHING AGENT OF CLASS A
WATER (ALL AGENTS)
21
EXTINGUISHING AGENT OF CLASS B
foam/carbon dioxide (all agents)
22
EXTINGUISHING AGENT OF CLASS C
– carbon dioxide/powder (never use water, soda acid and foam)
23
EXTINGUISHING AGENT OF CLASS D
– special powder
23
EXTINGUISHING AGENT OF CLASS E
– all agents
23
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER RELATED WITH FIRES:
1. SPECIFIC GRAVITY/ RELATIVE DENSITY
2. VAPOR DENSITY
3. TEMPERATURE
4. VAPOR PRESSURE
5. FIRE POINT
6. FLASH POINT
7. IGNITION/KINDLING TEMPERATURE
8. BOILING POINT
24
- which refers to the ratio of the weight of the liquid or the solid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY/ RELATIVE DENSITY
25
--mass of the solid or liquid material over the volume of water
SPECIFIC GRAVITY/ RELATIVE DENSITY
25
- how compact the material is
DENSITY
26
- which is the weight of the volume of pure gas opposed to the weight of a volume of dry air with the same temperature and pressure.
VAPOR DENSITY
27
- refers to the measure of the degree of thermal agitation or disturbance of molecules.
TEMPERATURE
27
- which is the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of the liquid at equilibrium.
VAPOR PRESSURE
28
- which refers to the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are developed fast enough to support uninterrupted combustion.
FIRE POINT
28
--minimum temperature of a material will continue burning after the ignition source is removed
FIRE POINT
29
HOW MANY SECONDS IS THE CONTINUATION OF BURNING
5 SECONDS
30
-the lowest temperature at which a flammable forms a vapor-air mixture that ignites (mixture with in the explosive range)
FLASH POINT
31
--substance that will ignite briefly but vapor might not be produced at a rate to sustain a fire
FLASH POINT
32
- which is also referred to as ignition temperature
KINDLING TEMPERATURE
33
-refers to the minimum temperature to which the substance in the air must be heated in order to start a self-contained combustion without adding heat from other sources.
IGNITION/KINDLING TEMPERATURE
34
- which is the constant heat at which vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
BOILING POINT
35
--liquid will transition in a gas matter is
EVAPORATION
36
To burn a fuel (combustible material), its
temperature must be raised until ignition point is reached
37
When the temperature of a certain substance is very high, it releases highly combustible vapors known as
FREE RADICALS
38
are the combustible vapors such as hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen
FREE RADICALS
39
The fuel is heated until its temperature reaches its
FIRE POINT
40
takes place- moisture in the fuel is converted to vapor
Decomposition
41
produces combustible vapors that rise to the surface of the fuel (free radicals)
Decomposition
42
undergo combustion
Free radicals
43
-aka “THERMAL DECOMPOSITION”
PYROLYSIS
44
-defined as the chemical decomposition of matter through the action of heat
PYROLYSIS
45
-in this case, the decomposition of causes a change from a solid state to vapor state.
PYROLYSIS
46
-If the vapor mixes sufficiently with air and heated to high temperature, combustion results
PYROLYSIS
47
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
1. ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS (ENDO)
2. EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS (EXO)
3. OXIDATION
4. FLAMES
48
– which refers to changes whereby energy (heat) is added or absorbed before the reaction takes place.
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS (ENDO)
49
-Energy is conserved in chemical reactions.
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS (ENDO)
50
-If stronger bonds break than are formed, heat must be absorbed from the surroundings, and the reaction is
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS (ENDO)
51
-Spontaneous ______ are also well known such as the dissolving of salt in water.
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS (ENDO)
52
– are those that give off or release energy or heat which produces substance with less energy than the reactants.
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
53
– which refers to the chemical changes which combustible materials and oxidizing agents reacts.
OXIDATION
54
-Some reactions, such as explosions and fire, take place swiftly.
OXIDATION
55
-Other reactions, such as rusting, transpire slowly.
OXIDATION
56
is combustion which is the same as actual burning (rapid oxidation)
OXIDATION
57
-are incandescent (very bright/glowing with intense heat) gases
FLAMES
58
- refers to a glowing body of mixed gases undergoing the process of combustion.
FLAMES
59
commonly consist of a mixture of oxygen (or air) and another gas, usually such combustible substances as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbon.
FLAMES
60
- combustion product and a manifestation of fire when it is in its gas-phased combustion
FLAMES
61
BASED ON COLOR AND COMPLETENESS OF COMBUSTIBILITY OF FUEL
o NONLUMINOUS FLAME
o LUMINOUS FLAME
62
– the color of the flame is blue due to the almost complete combustion of the fuel and has relatively high temperature and forms no soot deposit.
NONLUMINOUS FLAME
63
– the color is orange-red due to incomplete combustion of the fuel, has relatively lower temperature and will deposit soot to anything being subjected to it.
LUMINOUS FLAME
64
BASED ON SMOOTHNESS
o TURBULENT FLAMES
o LAMINAR FLAMES
65
-which refer to those having irregular and unsteady swirls.
TURBULENT FLAMES
66
-As physical size, gas density or velocity is increased, all laminar gas flows tend to become THIS
TURBULENT FLAMES
67
-which refer to flames which generally follows a smooth path through a gaseous flame.
LAMINAR FLAMES
68
BASED ON AIR AND FUEL MIXTURE
o DIFFUSION FLAMES
o PRE-MIXED FLAMES
69
--is observed when gas (fuel) alone is forced through a nozzle into the atmosphere which diffuse in the surrounding atmosphere in order to form a flammable mixture
DIFFUSION FLAMES
70
-the candle flame is an example of this
DIFFUSION FLAMES
71
- are those observed when hydrocarbon is mixed with air before reaching the flame zone.
PRE-MIXED FLAMES
72
--is exemplified by BUNSEN-TYPE LABORATORY BURNER where hydrocarbon (any substance containing primarily carbon and hydrogen) is thoroughly mixed with air before reaching the flame none
PRE-MIXED FLAMES
73
where hydrocarbon (any substance containing primarily carbon and hydrogen) is thoroughly mixed with air before reaching the flame none
BUNSEN-TYPE LABORATORY BURNER
74
- which is made up of minute or fine solid particles and condensed vapor resulting from combustion.
SMOKE
75
- indication that the fuel used in the fire maybe tar, plastic, rubber, or petroleum products.
BLACK SMOKE WITH DEEP RED LITMUS FLAMES
76
- the result when the fuel used is manganese or chlorine.
GREENISH YELLOW FLAME
76
- indicates that calcium is used.
BRIGHT REDDISH-YELLOW FLAME
76
- an indication that nitrogen products were used in the fire.
HEAVY BROWN SMOKE WITH BRIGHT RED FLAMES
77
indicates that magnesium is used.
WHITE SMOKE WITH BRIGHT RED FLAMES
78
would specify that asphalt shingles are used in the fire.
BLACK SMOKE WITH RED AND BLUE-GREEN FLAMES
79
would show that potassium was used in the fire as fuel.
LAVENDER OR PURPLE FLAMES
80
are gases which remain when the products of combustion are cooled to normal temperature.
FIRE GASES
81
are incandescent gases which accompanies rapid oxidation of any combustible material.
FLAMES
82
which is always measured as high temperature is a normal result of combustion.
HEAT
