Chapter 2 Flashcards
What section of government is primarily responsible for matters of health and local concern?
Provincial government
Can a municipal government impose more strict regulations than a provincial governmnet?
No
Can a regulation for CCC impose anything other than a fine against someone who contravenes the regulation?
Yes –> civil liability –> fines
What would have to be proven to be successful in a lawsuit for damages from a cross connection?
Negligence
What is the difference between a “professional” and “expert”?
Professional = they use skill / care of a resonably prudent / compentent member of their profession.
Expert = assumed to know all the relevant regulations / keep up with knowledge in the field. Has a higher degree of knowledge / responsibilities than a professional.
Who might be held responsible through a “shotgun” lawsuit?
Owner
Plumbing contractor
Municipal inspector
Engineer
Water purveyor
Why would a consulting engineer be more likely to be held liable for a cross connection incident than the contractor that installed the cross connection?
Engineers have a higher degree of skill = should have known of the hazard / taken adequate care to protect the plumbing system from contamination
Is a plumbing inspector liable for any claims involving a cross connection they missed during inspection?
No, they do not have a detailed knowing if the piping system
What has to be proven in order to establish a water purveyor’s liability?
Negligence / regulatory non - compliance
If contamination should enter the water purveyor’s system / cause a problem, the purveyor can be seen as being what 3 entities? (STI)
1) supplier of goods
2) technical expert
3) Inspector
If the purveyor’s system is installed improperly, they are also seen as being which entity?
Liability associated
What has to be proven in a court of law in order to prove “negligence”?
1) there was damage
2) Nature of damage
3) Damage resulted from a specific person’s failure to satisfy their duty of care required by law
What types of water tx were acknowledged by the Egyptians as far back as 3000 BC?
Boiling
filtration
distillation
clarification of water via coagulation
What year did chlorine begin to be used as a method of making water safe to drink?
1834
What mineral was used for large - scale softening of water in the early 1800’s?
Lime
The OG sewers of Europe were intended to carry, what?
Storm water + underground drainage
What development created problems for these same sewers?
Connecting the water closet to sewers –> contaminated drinking water
Directly connecting water closets to the water mains established the first incidence of what we know as?
Contamination
Health hazard
What could be the outcome if a cross connection cannot be eliminated?
C.C must be controlled by installing an appropriate backflow preventer
The water supply can be a transmitter of?
Bacteria
Viruses
Algae
Fungi
Protozoa
Parasitic helminthes (worms)
Name 5 types of hazards associated w/ cross connections (Crap B)
1) Chemical
2) Radiological
3) Physical
4) Aesthetic
5) Biological (?)
What is meant by a “pure” physical hazard?
What is meant by the term “aesthetic” hazard?
Water that is safe to drink but looks unpalatable or unsightly
“Biological hazard” is another term for?
Contaminated water
