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Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

Overview of Plant Life

1
Q

this prevents the formation of proteins

A

toxalbumins

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2
Q

plants with seeds are called?

A

spermatophytes

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3
Q

vegetative organs

these obtain minerals and other nutrients

A

roots

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4
Q

both organisms benefit

A

mutualism

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5
Q

vegetative organs

what harvests energy from the sun and package it into the sugar called glucose

A

leaves

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6
Q

neither organism benefits or is harmed

A

neutralism

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7
Q

one organism benefits by harming another

A

predation

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8
Q

this causes allergic reactions present in plants like poison ivy

A

urushiol

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9
Q

seedling roots invade host roots and obtain what they need to survive describe what type of plant?

A

holoparasites (or parasitic plants)

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10
Q

all chemicals in a plant are produced with this as a starting point

A

glucose

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11
Q

the parasitic plants, called (blank), don’t have chlorophyll and don’t photosynthesize

A

holoparasites

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12
Q

these are also known as true plants or land plants

A

plants

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13
Q

reproductive organs

these make flowers.

A

angiosperms

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14
Q

where is DNA stored?

A

nucleus, also in plastids and mitochondria

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15
Q

plants without seeds are called?

A

vascular cryptograms

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16
Q

both organisms harm each other

A

competition

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17
Q

photosynthesis

this process converts light energy from the sun into energy contained in the chemical bonds of sugar (glucose).

A

photosynthesis

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18
Q

these are also called as embryophytes

A

plants

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19
Q

photosynthesis

this powers most life on earth.

A

photosynthesis

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20
Q

this breaks down glucose and transfers its energy to ATP.

A

respiration

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21
Q

stems

located just above the nodes and can become branches or flowers

A

axillary buds

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22
Q

flower anatomy

this attracts pollinators i.e. bees and butterflies

A

petals

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23
Q

this happens when the seed remains attached to the parents plant after fertilization until it germinates

A

viviparous (a type of reproductive adaptation)

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24
Q

these are based on the level to which a group has evolved

A

grades

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25
Q

all of known life stores information in?

A

(DNA) deoxyribonucleic acid

26
Q

cyanogenic glycosides, when digested, releases what?

A

cyanide

27
Q

this distributes information in the cell

A

(mRNA) messenger ribonucleic acid

28
Q

roots

onions are tunicate bulbs, which make them what?

A

modified stems

29
Q

reproductive organs

which plants are reproductive organs barely distinguishable from vegetative organs?

A

ferns

30
Q

consists of an ancestor and all its descendants

A

clades

31
Q

this fine tunes the activity of many genes

A

microRNA

32
Q

one organism harms another without receiving any benefit itself

A

amensalism

33
Q

one organism benefits whereas the other is neither harmed nor helped

A

commensalism

34
Q

mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are what type of plants?

A

plants without vascular tissues

35
Q

flower anatomy

this contains one or more ovules

A

carpels

36
Q

these are often called as fern allies

A

lycophytes

37
Q

what substance makes chili peppers hot?

A

capsaicin

38
Q

breaking off the phosphate groups releases the energy used in?

A

metabolism

39
Q

vascular tissues

carries sugars and various organic compounds, as well as minerals and water throughout the plant

A

phloem

40
Q

fragrances and nectars that are released from the plant are synthesized from?

A

glucose

41
Q

photosynthesis

this is formed when photosynthesis combines carbon dioxide and water.

A

glucose

42
Q

vegetative organs

these do not carry out sexual reproduction

A

vegetative organs

43
Q

this includes the plant’s name, scientific name, family, description, distribution, and medicinal use

A

plant monograph

44
Q

flower anatomy

this part of the flower produces the pollen

A

stamens

45
Q

concepts

this is based on the same fundamental principles that underline the lives of animals, fungi, and all other life forms.

A

plant life

46
Q

plants with vascular tissues are called?

A

vascular plants

47
Q

ferns

where are the ferns’ reproductive organ found?

A

underside of foilage leaves

also producing sporangia

48
Q

plant classification in descending order (general to specific)

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

49
Q

reproductive organs

these make seed cones and pollen cones.

A

conifers

aka gymnosperms

50
Q

this allows certain plants and animals to become well adapted to each other

A

co-evolution

51
Q

vascular tissues

this transports water and minerals upward from roots to all aerial parts of the plant

A

xylem

52
Q

flower anatomy

this defensive organ protects the flower.

A

sepals

53
Q

roots

these can emerge along a stem; almost always confined to one end of the stem

A

roots

54
Q

plant tissues

enumerate the eight plant tissues

A

epidermis, cortex, vascular tissues, pith, mesophyll, secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and cork

55
Q

vegetative organs

these bear the leaves

A

stems

56
Q

information from the environment to plants comes from?

A

light, seasonal changes (except at the equator), and gravity

57
Q

overview of plant structure

plants almost always consist of:

A

stems, leaves, branches, and roots

58
Q

stems

almost all stems that bear leaves that are attached at regions called what?

A

nodes

59
Q

flower anatomy

what are the four main parts of a flower?

A

carpels, stamens, petals, and sepals

60
Q

carpels

three main parts of a carpel

A

stigma, style, ovary

61
Q

this blocks cell division

A

mitotic inhibitors

62
Q

what are the types of angiosperms?

A

basal angiosperms, monocots, and eudicots

Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy (5 decks)

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