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Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Introduction to Plants and Botany

1
Q

using concepts to understand plants

this contains the information from their parents.

A

seeds

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2
Q

conifers, also known as ____________, don’t produce flowers.

A

gymnosperms

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3
Q

true or false

plants are highly integrated organisms.

A

true

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4
Q

origin of plants

over how many plant species exist today?

A

297, 000

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5
Q

the ____________ was slowly developed starting before the 1400s with four basic tenets.

A

scientific method

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6
Q

scientific method

physical forces that control the world are constant
through time and the same everywhere.

A

constancy and universality

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7
Q

using concepts to understand plants

this pertains to applying human characteristics to non-human organisms or things.

A

anthropomorphism

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8
Q

origin of plants

these plants evolved 100–120 million years ago.

A

flowering plants

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9
Q

origin of plants

all organisms fit into three large group domains, namely:

A

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

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10
Q

these plants lack true leaves, stems, and roots.

A

moss(es)

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11
Q

true or false

plants do not have the purpose or decision-making capacity

A

true

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12
Q

the study of plants

two types of information encountered during studies.

A

observations and interpretations

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13
Q

origin of plants

plants, fungi, animals, and algae are under which type of cell?

A

eukayotes (eukaryotic cells)

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14
Q

origin of plants

life on earth began about 3.5 million years ago with what?

A

prokaryotes (prokaryotic cells)

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15
Q

true or false

is carbon dioxide considered a green house gas?

A

true

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16
Q

algae and global warming

what factor drags the dead bodies of the coccoliths into the cold depths of the ocean?

A

density

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17
Q

algae and global warming

what microscopic algae makes shells out of calcium carbonate?

A

coccolithophorids (or coccolithophores)

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18
Q

using concepts to understand plants

what guides the interaction of plants with its environment which has slowly evolved over thousands of years?

A

genetic information

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19
Q

origin of plants

several features of flowering plants evolved at this time are:

A

flowers; simple, flat, broad leaves; wood

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20
Q

true or false

science cannot say whether such actions (e.g. racism, sexism, murder) are right or wrong, moral or immoral.

A

true

science can only study, measure, analyze, and describe these events

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21
Q

using concept in understanding plants

this refers to the assumption that processes or structures have a purpose.

A

teleology

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22
Q

scientific method

this is developed from the hypothesis that consistently matches observations and garners greater confidence.

A

theory

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23
Q

true or false

the presence of other organisms may be detrimental, beneficial, or neutral

A

true

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24
Q

algae and global warming

in the depths of oceans, this attribute slow decay of shells for thousands, or even millions of years.

A

cold temperature

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25
Q

origin of plants

not all organisms evolve at the same rate; features that seem relatively unchanged are?

A

relictual features or plesiomorphic features

26
Q

natural selection

new features arise periodically by?

A

mutations

27
Q

this is the scientific study of plants.

A

botany

28
Q

using concepts to understand plants

these are the primary means of storing information.

A

genes

29
Q

true or false

genes, and the information they contain, cannot change.

A

false

plants copy genes during reproduction, and may cause differences.

30
Q

true or false

plants more suited to their environment reproduce more successfully and produce more offspring

A

true

31
Q

scientific method

this must make predictions that can be tested, consistent with further observations, and able to predict the results of future experiments.

A

hypothesis

32
Q

scientific method

only tangible phenomena and observations may be studied; anything that cannot be observed.

A

phenomena than can be studied

33
Q

origin of plants

“derived features” are also called?

A

apomorphic features

34
Q

origin of plants

these are features that evolved from an ancestral feature.

A

derived or apomorphic feature(s)

35
Q

using concepts to understand plants

the genetic pool of species exists beyond the phenotype represented by what?

A

single specimen

36
Q

prokaryotes

cynobacteria is from which plant domain?

A

bacteria (domain bacteria)

37
Q

evolution of plants

organisms were originally simple and increased in complexity through evolution by what?

A

natural selection

38
Q

scientific method

this is the fundamental basis of the scientific method.

A

basis—skepticism

39
Q

biological pheomenon

the two questions to be asked about any biological phenomenon

A

are there alternatives to this phenomenon?
what are the consequences?

40
Q

using concepts to understand plants

this is based on the principles of chemistry and physics, which are all valid for plants.

A

plant metabolism

41
Q

plants and people

cite ideas of how plants impact humans

A

food, clothing, shelter, medicine, oxygen

42
Q

this explains the concept that many structures and metabolisms are too complicated to have resulted from evolution and natural selection and therefore must have been created

A

intelligent design

43
Q

these are similar to plants at the cellular and biochemical level.

A

green algae

44
Q

scientific method

this allows us to plan future experiments and predict what the outcome should be.

A

constancy and universality

45
Q

__________ were once considered plants but are now excluded.

A

fungi

46
Q

true or false

some bacteria and algae remove CO2 from
the atmosphere via photosynthesis

A

true

47
Q

plants and people

cite ideas of how humans impact plants

A

global warming, climate change, desertification, salinization, loss of habitat, introduction of exotics, breeding, biotechnology

48
Q

developed by ancient Greek philosophers, this involves developing logical explanations for simple observations of the world.

A

speculative philosophy

49
Q

____________ generally say the universe was created by or contains deities.

A

religion

50
Q

____________ is never being certain of a conclusion and of always being willing to consider new evidence.

A

skepticism

51
Q

accumulation of atmospheric ____________ is responsible for changing global climate.

A

carbon dioxide

52
Q

origin of plants

two distinct groups of prokaryotes are:

A

bacteria and archaeans

53
Q

this determines whether new features are eliminated or passed on to the future.

A

natural selection

54
Q

the study of plants

these are more difficult because they involve intuition, previous experience, calculations, and expectations.

A

interpretations

55
Q

origin of plants

where is the DNA of plants located?

A

nucleus

56
Q

origin of plants

this type of cell have nuclei.

A

eukaryotes

57
Q

scientific method

information must be derived from only carefully documented and controlled observations or experiments.

A

source of information

58
Q

origin of plants

eukaryotes diversified, some gaining chloroplasts, and some mitochondria via what process?

A

endosymbiosis

59
Q

characteristics of life

what are the characteristics of life? (anything missing is considered unalive)

A

metabolism, nonrandom organization, growth, system of heredity and reproduction, capacity to respond to the environment

60
Q

the study of plants

these are usually reliable and accurate

A

observations

Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy (5 decks)

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