Chapter 2 Flashcards
All of the following are functions of proteins except:
a. Genetic instructions
b. Structure
c. Protection
d. Hormones
e. Transport
A. Genetic instructions
What is the main function of the ER?
It is the place where proteins, membrane lipids, and other molecules are synthesized and processed. Can have ribosomes (smooth) or none (rough)
Function of lysosomes
Functions as the digestive system of the cell
Function of Golgi bodies
Place where proteins and other molecules are processed and packaged for shipment to a specific location. Adding lipids and sugars to proteins occurs here also
Function of ribosome
Consisting of rRNA and proteins and is the site for protein synthesis
______ and mRNA processing takes place inside the nucleus and ______ occurs outside
Transcription, translation
What is the only other place DNA can be found outside the nucleus?
Mitochondria
Sister chromatids
The two strands that make up a replicated chromosome. They are IDENTICAL copies of the same chromosome
Homologous chromosome vs Sister chromatid
Homologous chromosomes are a maternal and paternal chromosome pair that each have the same gene sequence but can have DIFFERENT alleles. Sister chromatids are two chromosomes that are completely IDENTICAL from just one parent.
What are the two main phases of the Cell Cycle?
Mitosis and Interphase
Parts of Interphase
G0: Mature state of long term function where cells aren’t dividing
G1: The cell grows and duplicates organelles
S: DNA and Chromosome replication
G2: Prepping for Mitosis to begin, error checking
When does DNA replication occur?
During Interphase (S) because it must happen before mitosis when the cell splits, so going into mitosis the cell must have 2 of every chromosome
Phases of Mitosis
PMAT
Phases of Meiosis
What is recombination and when does it occur?
An exchange of genetic information taking place between two non sister chromatids
Prophase I
