chapter 2

Question 1

what are barriers to research evidence?

Answer 1

1) low comfort level/lack of skill using search techniques

2) lack of access to appropriate electronic databases

3) lack of time to search for the best evidence

Question 2

why do we ask clinical questions?

Answer 2

uncertainty of what to do, contorversial therapy or action, lack of knowledge related to different diagnostic tests

basically lot of reasons lol

Question 3

what are background questions?

Answer 3

Asks for general information about a clinical issue. It is composed of starting place of the questions (5Ws) and outcome of interest.

this needs to be answered BEFORE the clinical question

example: “How/why/when does temperature change with
an antipyretic/analgesic”

Question 4

what is a foreground question?

Answer 4

Foreground questions are those that can be answered from scientific evidence. the focus is specific. Use of PICOT is recommended for a
focused literature search

Example: “In children aged 3 to 8 years, how does
acetaminophen compare with ibuprofen in lowering a
fever?

Question 5

What are the 5 different types of foreground questions?

Answer 5

1) Intervention questions (What intervention most
effectively leads to an outcome?)

2) Prognosis/prediction questions (What indicators are most predictive of an outcome?)

3) Diagnosis questions (What test most accurately
diagnoses an outcome?)

4) Etiology questions (To what extent is a factor associated with an outcome?)

5) Meaning questions (How does an experience influence
an outcome?)

Question 6

what are the 2 guides of a clinical question?

Answer 6

1) the search strategy
2) the type of design you expect to find

Question 7

what does PICOT stand for?

Answer 7

P: population of interest
I: intervention or issue of interest
C: comparison of interest
O: outcome expected
T: time needed for the intervention to achieve the outcome or the time in the course of the
disease/symptom that the intervention is applie