Chapter 2

Question 1

the law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction, ___________ is neither created nor destroyed

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

the law of definite proportions states that all samples of a given compound, regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same proportions of their constituent ____________

Answer 2

elements

Question 3

the law of multiple proportions states that when two elements form 2 different compounds, the masses of element B that combine with 1g of element A can be expressed as a :

Answer 3

ratio of small whole numbers

Question 4

most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge are contained in:

Answer 4

small core called nucleus

Question 5

most of the volume of the atom is:

Answer 5

empty space through which the tiny, negatively charged electrons are dispersed

Question 6

there are as many negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus as there are positively charged particles (protons) inside the nucleus, so that matter of a pure atom is:

Answer 6

electrically neutral

Question 7

isotopes are still the same element and have very similar chemical and physical properties, except _________

Answer 7

density

[isotope with more neutrons is more massive = higher density]

Question 8

what are ions?

Answer 8

elements with charge (when a neutral element loses or gains electrons)

Question 9

Cations VS anions

Answer 9

cation= positive ion

anion= negative ion

Question 10

On the periodic table, group 17 are:

Answer 10

Halogens

Question 11

Halogens commonly form:

Answer 11

-1 ions

Question 12

Group 18 of periodic table are:

Answer 12

noble gases

Question 13

Noble gases are:

Answer 13

always neutral [0 charge] , unreactive

Question 14

Group 1 of periodic table are:

Answer 14

alkali metals

Question 15

Alkali metals are:

Answer 15

very reactive; form +1 ions

Question 16

Group 2 of period table are:

Answer 16

Alkaline earth metals

Question 17

Alkaline earth metals are:

Answer 17

less reactive than alkali metals; form +2 charges

Question 18

Elements in the middle of the period table are:

Answer 18

transition metals

Question 19

Transition metals form:

Answer 19

Variable charges
~All cations

Question 20

Non-metals form:

Answer 20

anions (they grab electrons)

Question 21

Metals form:

Answer 21

cations (good at losing electrons)

Question 22

For the most part, the elements on either side of the staircase are called:

Answer 22

metalloids [sort of like metals, but not all the time]