Chapter 1

Question 1

molecules:

Answer 1

combination of 2+ elements

Question 2

chemistry is the science that seeks to understand behavior of matter by studying:

Answer 2

behavior of atoms and molecules

Question 3

matter:

Answer 3

anything that occupies space and has mass

~can be composed of either atoms or molecules

Question 4

substances:

Answer 4

specific instance of matter

Question 5

substances are classified based on:

Answer 5

state and composition

Question 6

state

Answer 6

solids, liquids, or gases

~solids can be crystalline or amorphous

Question 7

each atom is one type of:

Answer 7

element

Question 8

there are only ______ known elements in the universe

Answer 8

118

Question 9

Only ____ known elements are stable [last long enough to observe and work with]

Answer 9

80

Question 10

we consider/think of atoms as

Answer 10

indivisible [difficult to break it down or make simpler]
spheres

Question 11

if a substance is pure, we like to know if it is:

Answer 11

an element or compound

Question 12

if a substance is a mixture, we like to know if it is:

Answer 12

heterogeneous or homogeneous (same throughout)

Question 13

physical property

Answer 13

odor, taste, color, appearance, melting/boiling point, density

[chemical does not change when these properties are measured]

Question 14

chemical property

Answer 14

corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, toxicity, other chemical reactiveness

[chemical does change when these properties are measured]

Question 15

physical change

Answer 15

alters appearance, but not the chemical structure; relatively easy to reverse

ex) freezing of water; dissolving sugar in water

Question 16

chemical change

Answer 16

chemical reactions occur when atoms combine in new ways, or re-arrange to form a new chemical

Question 17

what are the 7 diatomic elements?

Answer 17

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine,

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

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Question 18

solids have a ________ volume and shape

Answer 18

fixed

Question 19

liquids have a ______ volume and _______ shape

Answer 19

fixed
variable

Question 20

gases have a ______ volume and shape

Answer 20

variable

Question 21

a chemical being dissolved in water is called

Answer 21

aqueous (aq)

Question 22

process that occurs when solid turns liquid

Answer 22

melting

Question 23

process that occurs when liquid turns into gas

Answer 23

evaporation or boiling

Question 24

process that occurs when gases turn into liquid

Answer 24

condensation

Question 25

process that occurs when liquid turns into solid

Answer 25

freezing

Question 26

process that occurs when gas turns into solid

Answer 26

deposition (depositing)

Question 27

process that occurs when solid turns into gas

Answer 27

sublimation (dry ice)

Question 28

state changes occur at a:

Answer 28

constant temperature for each chemical

Question 29

solids can be _______ with a repeated and predictable arrangement of atoms

Answer 29

crystalline

Question 30

solids can be _______ with a random order and no long-range predictability

Answer 30

amorphous

Question 31

when matter undergoes a chemical reaction, often there is observable evidence on the macroscopic scale:

Answer 31

color change, heat evolution, solid formation, or gas formation

Question 32

is the evaporation of rubbing alcohol a physical or chemical change?

Answer 32

physical

Question 33

is the burning of lamp oil a physical or chemical change?

Answer 33

chemical

Question 34

is the bleaching of hair with hydrogen peroxide a physical or chemical change?

Answer 34

chemical

Question 35

is the formation of frost on a cold night a physical or chemical change?

Answer 35

physical

Question 36

______ are subatomic particles that are the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter

Answer 36

atoms

Question 37

atoms bind together in specific geometrical arrangements to form:

Answer 37

molecules

Question 38

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 38

in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destoryed

Question 39

atomic theory

Answer 39

matter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms

Question 40

energy is the

Answer 40

capacity to do work

[work is defined as action of a force through a distance]

Question 41

the total energy of an object is a sum of its:

Answer 41

kinetic energy [energy associated with its motion] and its potential energy [energy associated with its position or composition]

Question 42

the total energy of an object is a sum of its:

Answer 42

kinetic energy [energy associated with its motion] and its potential energy [energy associated with its position or composition]

Question 43

thermal energy is associated with

Answer 43

temperature of an object

Question 44

law of conservation of energy

Answer 44

idea that energy can neither be created nor destroyed

Question 45

volume is

Answer 45

a measure of space

Question 46

density of a substance is the ratio of:

Answer 46

Its mass (m) to its volume (V).

Question 47

a chemist mixes sodium with water and witnesses a violent reaction between the metal and water. this is classified as a:

Answer 47

an observation

Question 48

what kind of change is gasoline evaporating?

Answer 48

physical change

Question 49

wood burning, dynamite exploding, and iron rusting are all what kind of change?

Answer 49

chemical

Question 50

what kind of property is flammability of rubbing alcohol?

Answer 50

chemical

Question 51

density, boiling and melting point are what kind of property of rubbing alcohol?

Answer 51

physical