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Theories of personality > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Individual differences freud

A

People differ in their ego defense mechanisms, which control expression of primitiv forces in personality

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2
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Pays close attention to the content of thought rather than the neurons that make thought possible

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3
Q

Freuds 3 levels of consciousness

A
  • Conscious
  • Preconscious
  • Unconscious
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4
Q

Conscious

A

Experiences a person is aware including memories and intential actions

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5
Q

Preconscious

A

The preconscious level of the mind contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty

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6
Q

Unconscious

A

The unconscious contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of our words, feelings, and actions.​

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7
Q

Psychotic determinism Freud

A

proposes that underlying psychological factors cause symptoms and other behavior

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8
Q

Conversion Hysteria

A

form of neurosis in which psychological conflicts are expressed in physical symptoms, like; paralysis, mutism, deafness, blindness, tics, or other maladies​

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9
Q

Psychosis

A

Lose touch with reality and irrationality experience of the unconscious

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10
Q

Hypnosis

A

highly suggestible state, suggestions of the hypnotist influence the experience and the recall

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11
Q

Dreams and Freud

A

The royal road to the unconscious. During sleep, the restraining forces of consciousness are relaxed and the unconscious threatens to break into awareness.

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12
Q

Manifest content

A

The recalled dream

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13
Q

Latent content

A

its hidden meaning, revealed by interpreting the dream symbols

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14
Q

Freudian slips

A

The psychopathology of everyday life.

Freud described the impact of the unconscious in a wide variety of behaviors of normal people.

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15
Q

Humor and Freud

A

We find jokes funny if they provide a safe release for unconscious conflicts

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16
Q

Condensation

A

Both dreams and humor often use this technique in which 2 or more images are combined to form an image that merges the meanings and impulses of both.

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17
Q

Projective tests

A

A method for revealing unconscious material upon their request so that they may diagnose individuals and test psychoanalytic hypotheses

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18
Q

Two ways in projective tests

A

The TAT and the Rorschach

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19
Q

Repression

A

defense mechanism in which unacceptable impulses are made unconscious

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20
Q

Freud’s hedonic hypothesis

A

People seek pleasure and avoid pain

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21
Q

Structures of the personality

A
  • ID
  • Superego
  • Ego
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22
Q

ID

A

Primitive and the source of biological drives.

Also called the pleasure principle. Source of psychic energy: Libido. It is unconscious

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23
Q

EGO

A

the reality principle, mature, mediator. The most conscious structure.

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24
Q

Superego

A

ideals, guilt, internal voice of restrictions. Some is conscious but most is unconscious

25
Q

Pleasure principle

A

It is hedonistic and aims to satisfy its urges, which reduces tension and thus brings pleasure

26
Q

Eros and Thanatos

A

Life and death instincts

27
Q

4 Basic aspects of instincts

A
  • Source: Derived from biological processes in some part of organ of the body
  • Pressure: its force or motivational quality
  • Aim: to preserve the ideal steady state, reduce tension (pleasure principle)
  • Object: the object of an instinct is the person or thing in the world that is desired so the instinct can be satisfied
28
Q

Cathexis

A

Investment of psychic energy in a particular object

29
Q

Plasticity of the instinct

A

The fact that libido is capable of being directed toward so many diverse objects, not fixed biologically

30
Q

Primary process

A

Ignores time, recognizing no past and no future, only the present moment

31
Q

Reality principle

A

It an accurately understand reality and can adapt itself to the constrains of the real world

32
Q

Secondary process

A

Logical thought

33
Q

Intrapsychic conflict

A

Conflict within the personality, as between id desires and superego restrictions

34
Q

Energy hypothesis

A

Repression requires energy, and the more energy tied up in the conflict, the less energy is available for dealing with current reality​

35
Q

Neurotic anxiety

A

ID impulses may break through and be expressed

36
Q

Moral anxiety

A

Fear that superego will respond with guilt

37
Q

Reality anxiety

A

The external world threatens real danger

38
Q

Defense mechanism

A

Various strategies to resolve intrapsychic conflict.

39
Q

Denial

A

Not acknowledging painful aspects of reality

40
Q

Reaction formation

A

the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites

41
Q

Projection

A

people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

42
Q

Displacement

A

shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

43
Q

Rationalization

A

offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

44
Q

Identification

A

A process of borrowing or merging one’s identity with that of someone else

45
Q

Isolation

A

Thoughts related to some unpleasant occurrence are disassociated from other thinking and thus do not come to mind

46
Q

Intellectualization

A

Prevents clear, undistorted recognition of an impulse through excessive or distorted explanation

47
Q

Sublimation

A

Finding a socially acceptable aim and object for the expression of an unacceptable impulse.

May be expressed in art or occupation

48
Q

The 5 stages of psychosexual development

A
  • Oral stage= birth to 12 months
  • Anal stage= 1 to 3 years
  • Phallic stage= 3 to 5 years
  • Latency= 5 years to puberty
  • Genital stage= puberty to adulthood
49
Q

Conflict and outcomes of oral stage

A

Conflict: weaning
Outcome: optimism or pessimism,

50
Q

Conflicts and outcomes of anal stage

A

Conflict:Toilet training
Outcomes: Addictions to tobacco, alcohol, stubbornness, miserliness

51
Q

Conflict and outcomes of Phallic stage

A

Conflict: Masturbation and oedipus/electra conflict
Outcomes: Sex-role identification

52
Q

Oedipus conflict

A

The young boy wants to kill his father and to replace him as his mothers sexual partner

53
Q

Electra conflict

A

a girl’s sense of competition with her mother for the affection of her father

54
Q

Genital character

A

Freud’s ideal of full development

55
Q

Free association

A

Basic technique of psychoanalysis. Requires the patient to say whatever came into his head, while ceasing to give any conscious direction to his thoughts

56
Q

Catharsis

A

The emergence of buried feelings from the unconscious

57
Q

Insight

A

Understanding of true motives, whicha re unconscious conflicts.

58
Q

Transference

A

In psychoanalysis the tendency for a patient or client to project positive or negative feelings for important people from the past onto the therapist

59
Q

Countertransference

A

when a therapist transfers emotions to a person in therapy

Theories of personality (4 decks)

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