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Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Individual differences freud

A

People differ in their ego defense mechanisms, which control expression of primitiv forces in personality

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2
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Pays close attention to the content of thought rather than the neurons that make thought possible

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3
Q

Freuds 3 levels of consciousness

A
  • Conscious
  • Preconscious
  • Unconscious
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4
Q

Conscious

A

Experiences a person is aware including memories and intential actions

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5
Q

Preconscious

A

The preconscious level of the mind contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty

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6
Q

Unconscious

A

The unconscious contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of our words, feelings, and actions.​

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7
Q

Psychotic determinism Freud

A

proposes that underlying psychological factors cause symptoms and other behavior

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8
Q

Conversion Hysteria

A

form of neurosis in which psychological conflicts are expressed in physical symptoms, like; paralysis, mutism, deafness, blindness, tics, or other maladies​

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9
Q

Psychosis

A

Lose touch with reality and irrationality experience of the unconscious

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10
Q

Hypnosis

A

highly suggestible state, suggestions of the hypnotist influence the experience and the recall

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11
Q

Dreams and Freud

A

The royal road to the unconscious. During sleep, the restraining forces of consciousness are relaxed and the unconscious threatens to break into awareness.

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12
Q

Manifest content

A

The recalled dream

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13
Q

Latent content

A

its hidden meaning, revealed by interpreting the dream symbols

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14
Q

Freudian slips

A

The psychopathology of everyday life.

Freud described the impact of the unconscious in a wide variety of behaviors of normal people.

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15
Q

Humor and Freud

A

We find jokes funny if they provide a safe release for unconscious conflicts

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16
Q

Condensation

A

Both dreams and humor often use this technique in which 2 or more images are combined to form an image that merges the meanings and impulses of both.

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17
Q

Projective tests

A

A method for revealing unconscious material upon their request so that they may diagnose individuals and test psychoanalytic hypotheses

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18
Q

Two ways in projective tests

A

The TAT and the Rorschach

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19
Q

Repression

A

defense mechanism in which unacceptable impulses are made unconscious

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20
Q

Freud’s hedonic hypothesis

A

People seek pleasure and avoid pain

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21
Q

Structures of the personality

A
  • ID
  • Superego
  • Ego
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22
Q

ID

A

Primitive and the source of biological drives.

Also called the pleasure principle. Source of psychic energy: Libido. It is unconscious

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23
Q

EGO

A

the reality principle, mature, mediator. The most conscious structure.

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24
Q

Superego

A

ideals, guilt, internal voice of restrictions. Some is conscious but most is unconscious

25
Pleasure principle
It is hedonistic and aims to satisfy its urges, which reduces tension and thus brings pleasure
26
Eros and Thanatos
Life and death instincts
27
4 Basic aspects of instincts
* Source: Derived from biological processes in some part of organ of the body * Pressure: its force or motivational quality * Aim: to preserve the ideal steady state, reduce tension (pleasure principle) * Object: the object of an instinct is the person or thing in the world that is desired so the instinct can be satisfied
28
Cathexis
Investment of psychic energy in a particular object
29
Plasticity of the instinct
The fact that libido is capable of being directed toward so many diverse objects, not fixed biologically
30
Primary process
Ignores time, recognizing no past and no future, only the present moment
31
Reality principle
It an accurately understand reality and can adapt itself to the constrains of the real world
32
Secondary process
Logical thought
33
Intrapsychic conflict
Conflict within the personality, as between id desires and superego restrictions
34
Energy hypothesis
Repression requires energy, and the more energy tied up in the conflict, the less energy is available for dealing with current reality​
35
Neurotic anxiety
ID impulses may break through and be expressed
36
Moral anxiety
Fear that superego will respond with guilt
37
Reality anxiety
The external world threatens real danger
38
Defense mechanism
Various strategies to resolve intrapsychic conflict.
39
Denial
Not acknowledging painful aspects of reality
40
Reaction formation
the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites
41
Projection
people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
42
Displacement
shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person
43
Rationalization
offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions
44
Identification
A process of borrowing or merging one's identity with that of someone else
45
Isolation
Thoughts related to some unpleasant occurrence are disassociated from other thinking and thus do not come to mind
46
Intellectualization
Prevents clear, undistorted recognition of an impulse through excessive or distorted explanation
47
Sublimation
Finding a socially acceptable aim and object for the expression of an unacceptable impulse. May be expressed in art or occupation
48
The 5 stages of psychosexual development
* Oral stage= birth to 12 months * Anal stage= 1 to 3 years * Phallic stage= 3 to 5 years * Latency= 5 years to puberty * Genital stage= puberty to adulthood
49
Conflict and outcomes of oral stage
Conflict: weaning Outcome: optimism or pessimism,
50
Conflicts and outcomes of anal stage
Conflict:Toilet training Outcomes: Addictions to tobacco, alcohol, stubbornness, miserliness
51
Conflict and outcomes of Phallic stage
Conflict: Masturbation and oedipus/electra conflict Outcomes: Sex-role identification
52
Oedipus conflict
The young boy wants to kill his father and to replace him as his mothers sexual partner
53
Electra conflict
a girl's sense of competition with her mother for the affection of her father
54
Genital character
Freud's ideal of full development
55
Free association
Basic technique of psychoanalysis. Requires the patient to say whatever came into his head, while ceasing to give any conscious direction to his thoughts
56
Catharsis
The emergence of buried feelings from the unconscious
57
Insight
Understanding of true motives, whicha re unconscious conflicts.
58
Transference
In psychoanalysis the tendency for a patient or client to project positive or negative feelings for important people from the past onto the therapist
59
Countertransference
when a therapist transfers emotions to a person in therapy

Theories of personality (4 decks)

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