Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

a measure of the amount of material in an object

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

a pure substance with unique physical and chemical properties that cannot be broken down into other substances (contains only one type of atom, EX. O, N, Na)

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

smallest unit of an element

Question 5

Proton

Answer 5

positive charge; The atomic number

Question 6

Neutron

Answer 6

is neutral

Question 7

Electron

Answer 7

negative; have to balance out protons

Question 8

Valence electrons

Answer 8

electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

Question 9

Hydrogen bond

Answer 9

A WEAK chemical bond where the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to a slightly negative atom of polar covalent bond in another molecule (weakest bond)

Question 10

Ionic bond

Answer 10

a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions (weak and easily broken by water).

Question 11

covalent bond

Answer 11

a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons (strongest bond)

Question 12

molecule

Answer 12

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds (EX: O2)

Question 13

compound

Answer 13

substances that contain 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio (EX: H2O and sodium chloride )

Question 14

molecular formula

Answer 14

chemical symbols and subscripts to indicate the exact numbers of different atoms in a molecule or compound (H2O)

Question 15

structural formula

Answer 15

indicates the bonding arrangement of the atoms in the molecule (H-O-H)

Question 16

polar molecule

Answer 16

one with an uneven distribution of charge

Question 17

Solvent

Answer 17

A dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known

Question 18

Solute

Answer 18

A substance that is dissolved in a solution

Question 19

Solution

Answer 19

A liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Question 20

Aqueous Solution

Answer 20

A solution in which water is the solvent

Question 21

Acids

Answer 21

a chemical compound that releases H+ to a solution (pH below 7)

Question 22

Bases

Answer 22

a compound that accepts H+ and removes them from solution (pH above 7)

Question 23

Neutrals

Answer 23

have an equal amount of H+ and OH- groups. They are not corrosive (pH= 7)

Question 24

What is a buffer?

Answer 24

any compound that tends to accept or release H+ to maintain the pH of a solution

Question 25

Draw an oxygen atom and label parts (proton, neutron, electrons in its shells)

Question 26

Describe the difference between a covalent, ionic, hydrogen bond. Which bond is strongest, and which is weakest?

Answer 26

Covalent- strongest
Hydrogen- weakest

Question 27

Which state of water (gaseous, liquid, solid) is most dense and least dense?

Answer 27

Most dense- liquid
Least dense- gas

Question 28

Non Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 28

electrons are shared equally

Question 29

polar covalent bond

Answer 29

electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom.

Question 30

Dehydration Reactions

Answer 30

(taking apart) Enzymes stress the molecular bond at the active site, causing it to come apart quickly.

Question 31

Synthesis Reactions

Answer 31

(putting together) Enzymes bring molecules close together at the active site, causing them to react quickly

Question 32

Hydrolysis

Answer 32

taking apart by adding water