Chapter 2 Flashcards
what is toxicity?
physical and/or psychological harm that a drug might present to the user
what is a dose?
the quantity of a drug that is taken in the body; measured in milligrams (mg) or micrograms
what is acute toxicity?
harm taken immediately or soon after the drug enters the body of the user
dose response curve?
an S shaped graph showing the increasing probability of of a certain drug effect as the dose level rises
effective dose?
the minimal dose of a particular drug necessary to produce the intended drug effect in a given percentage of the population
lethal dose?
the minimal dose of a particular drug capable of producing death in a given percentage of the population.
therapeutic index?
a measure of a drug’s relative safety for use, computed as the ratio of the lethal dose for 50 percent of the population to the effective
dose for 50 percent of the population.
margin of safety?
The ratio of a lethal dose for 1% of the population to the effective dose for 99% of the population
DAWN?
Drug Abuse Warning Network; a federal program where metropolitan hospitals report the incidence of drug related lethal/nonlethal emergencies
drug related ED visit?
an occasion on which a person visits an emergency department (ED) for a purpose
that is related to recent drug use
polydrug use?
drug-taking behavior involving multiple drugs
Figure 2.2
page 57; distribution of drug-related emergency department visits in 2011 by type of drug involvement.
chronic toxicity?
the physical or psychological harm a drug might cause over a long period of use
what is tolerance?
the capacity of a drug to produce a gradually diminished physical or psychological effect upon repeated administrations of the drug
at the same dose level
behavioral tolerance?
the process of drug tolerance that is linked to drug-taking behavior occurring consistently in the same surroundings or under the same circumstances. (conditioned tolerance)
physical dependence?
a model of drug dependence based on the idea that the drug abuser continues the drug taking behavior to avoid the consequences of physical withdrawal symptoms
psychological dependence?
a model of drug dependence based on the idea that the drug abuser is motivated by a craving for the pleasurable effects
catheter?
a device to deliver intravenous injections of a drug in a free-moving human or animal
substance abuse?
A diagnostic term used in the DSM-IV-TR for clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and other health professionals to identify an individual who continues to take a psychoactive drug despite the fact that the drug-taking behavior creates specific problems for that individual.
substance dependence?
a diagnostic term used in the DSM-IV-TR for clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and other health professionals to identify an individual
w/ significant signs of a dependent relationship w/ a psychoactive drug
substance use disorder?
a diagnostic term used in the DSM-5 for clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and
other health professionals to identify an individual w/ significant problems that are associated with some form of drug-taking behavior
pharmalogicial violence?
violent acts committed while under the influence of a particular psychoactive drug, w/ the implication that the drug caused the violence to occur.
economically compulsive violence?
Violent acts that are committed by a drug abuser to secure money to buy drugs
systemic violence?
Violence that arises from the traditionally aggressive patterns of behavior within a network of illicit drug trafficking and distribution
laissez-faire?
The philosophy of exerting as little gov. control and regulation as possible
