Chapter 2

Question 1

what is toxicity?

Answer 1

physical and/or psychological harm that a drug might present to the user

Question 2

what is a dose?

Answer 2

the quantity of a drug that is taken in the body; measured in milligrams (mg) or micrograms

Question 3

what is acute toxicity?

Answer 3

harm taken immediately or soon after the drug enters the body of the user

Question 4

dose response curve?

Answer 4

an S shaped graph showing the increasing probability of of a certain drug effect as the dose level rises

Question 5

effective dose?

Answer 5

the minimal dose of a particular drug necessary to produce the intended drug effect in a given percentage of the population

Question 6

lethal dose?

Answer 6

the minimal dose of a particular drug capable of producing death in a given percentage of the population.

Question 7

therapeutic index?

Answer 7

a measure of a drug’s relative safety for use, computed as the ratio of the lethal dose for 50 percent of the population to the effective
dose for 50 percent of the population.

Question 8

margin of safety?

Answer 8

The ratio of a lethal dose for 1% of the population to the effective dose for 99% of the population

Question 9

DAWN?

Answer 9

Drug Abuse Warning Network; a federal program where metropolitan hospitals report the incidence of drug related lethal/nonlethal emergencies

Question 10

drug related ED visit?

Answer 10

an occasion on which a person visits an emergency department (ED) for a purpose
that is related to recent drug use

Question 11

polydrug use?

Answer 11

drug-taking behavior involving multiple drugs

Question 12

Figure 2.2

Answer 12

page 57; distribution of drug-related emergency department visits in 2011 by type of drug involvement.

Question 13

chronic toxicity?

Answer 13

the physical or psychological harm a drug might cause over a long period of use

Question 14

what is tolerance?

Answer 14

the capacity of a drug to produce a gradually diminished physical or psychological effect upon repeated administrations of the drug
at the same dose level

Question 15

behavioral tolerance?

Answer 15

the process of drug tolerance that is linked to drug-taking behavior occurring consistently in the same surroundings or under the same circumstances. (conditioned tolerance)

Question 16

physical dependence?

Answer 16

a model of drug dependence based on the idea that the drug abuser continues the drug taking behavior to avoid the consequences of physical withdrawal symptoms

Question 17

psychological dependence?

Answer 17

a model of drug dependence based on the idea that the drug abuser is motivated by a craving for the pleasurable effects

Question 18

catheter?

Answer 18

a device to deliver intravenous injections of a drug in a free-moving human or animal

Question 19

substance abuse?

Answer 19

A diagnostic term used in the DSM-IV-TR for clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and other health professionals to identify an individual who continues to take a psychoactive drug despite the fact that the drug-taking behavior creates specific problems for that individual.

Question 20

substance dependence?

Answer 20

a diagnostic term used in the DSM-IV-TR for clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and other health professionals to identify an individual
w/ significant signs of a dependent relationship w/ a psychoactive drug

Question 21

substance use disorder?

Answer 21

a diagnostic term used in the DSM-5 for clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and
other health professionals to identify an individual w/ significant problems that are associated with some form of drug-taking behavior

Question 22

pharmalogicial violence?

Answer 22

violent acts committed while under the influence of a particular psychoactive drug, w/ the implication that the drug caused the violence to occur.

Question 23

economically compulsive violence?

Answer 23

Violent acts that are committed by a drug abuser to secure money to buy drugs

Question 24

systemic violence?

Answer 24

Violence that arises from the traditionally aggressive patterns of behavior within a network of illicit drug trafficking and distribution

Question 25

laissez-faire?

Answer 25

The philosophy of exerting as little gov. control and regulation as possible