Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
What does the CNS consist of?
The brain and spinal cord
What is the PNS made of?
The Somatic Nervous System (Somatic motor and somatic sensory) and Autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
About how many neurons are in the human brain?
86 billion
What are the three types of glia?
Oligodendrocytes & Schwann cells wrap around the axon to provide insulation in the form of myelin. Oligodendrocytes are found in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Astrocytes provide supporting function for neurons. They buffer potassium ions, take up glutamate released by neurons, and provide metabolic fuel.
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain. They become activated to help fight off infection and clear cellular debris via phagocytosis.
What are the parts of a neuron?
Soma
Nucleus
Dendrites
Axon Hillock
Axon
Myelin (optional)
Node of Ranvier
Axon Collateral
Presynaptic Terminal
Synaptic Vesicles
Synaptic Cleft
Postsynaptic Density
What are the:zone, events, molecular structure, and ion channels of soma and dendrites?
Zone: input
Events: Post Synaptic Potentians (PSP)
Molecular Structure: Receptors: ligand-gate ion channels
Ion Channels Cl-, K+, Na+/K+
What are the:zone, events, molecular structure, and ion channels of the axon hillock?
Zone: Integration
Events: Action Potential Initiation
Molecular Structure: Voltage-gated ion channels
Ion Channels: Voltage-gated Na+ channels, voltage-gated K+ channels
What are the:zone, events, molecular structure, and ion channels of the Axon?
Zone: Conduction
Events: Action Potential Conduction
Molecular Structure: Voltage-gated ion channels
Ion Channels: Voltage-gated Na+ channels, voltage-gated K+ channels
What are the:zone, events, molecular structure, and ion channels of the Terminal Bouton?
Zone: Output
Events: Action Potentials cause Transmitter Release
Molecular Structure: Voltage-gated ion channels
Ion Channels: Voltage-gated Na+, K+, and Ca2+ channels
What is Neuroscience?
Neuroscience is the study of all aspects of all nervous systems.
The term neuroscience is approximately equivalent to the term neurobiology.
The goal of neuroscience is to understand every aspect of nervous system function from the molecular level up to the behavioral & cognitive levels
What is the basic structure of a Neuron?
How many classes of neurons are there?
~1000
What are the four functional zones of a neuron?
