Chapter #2

Question 1

Define cation.

Answer 1

An atom having more protons than electrons has a positive charge.

Question 2

What does atomic mass consist of?

Answer 2

protons and neutrons

Question 3

Define isotopes

Answer 3

Atoms that have different number of neutrons

Question 4

what is the energy level of K shell?

Answer 4

K is the lowest

Question 5

what is the energy level of L shell?

Answer 5

the level above K

Question 6

What is the energy level for M shell?

Answer 6

the level above L

Question 7

What is the energy level for N

Answer 7

The level N is the highest level

Question 8

What are valence electrons?

Answer 8

The different chemical properties of elements.

Question 9

what is the octet rule?

Answer 9

Other wise noun as the 8 rule, the octet rule is atoms that tend to establish completely full outer energy levels.

Question 10

Define covalent bonds

Answer 10

sharing of electrons

Question 11

Define ionic bonds

Answer 11

Attraction to opposite bonds

Question 12

Define hydrogen bonds

Answer 12

sharing of H atoms

Question 13

Hydrophobic bonds

Answer 13

forcing of hydrophobic portions of molecules together in presence of polar substances

Question 14

Van der Waals attraction

Answer 14

weak attractions between atoms due to oppositely polarized electron clouds

Question 15

Define electronegativity

Answer 15

Atoms that differ in their affinity for electrons.

Question 16

What does a catalyst do?

Answer 16

a substance that increases the rate of a reaction.

Question 17

cohesion

Answer 17

Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together.

Question 18

high specific heat

Answer 18

hydrogen bonds absorbed heat when they break and release heat when they form , minimizing temperature changes.

Question 19

high heat of evaporation

Answer 19

many hydrogen bonds must be broken for water to evaporate

Question 20

Lower density of ice

Answer 20

water molecules in an ice crystal are spaced relatively for apart because of hydrogen bonding.

Question 21

hydrophobic

Answer 21

tending to repel or fail to mix with water.

Question 22

hydrophilic

Answer 22

having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.

Question 23

hydrophobic exclusion

Answer 23

the tendency of the multiple oil droplets that are present in water to coalesce into fewer and larger droplets

Question 24

buffer

Answer 24

an organic substance that has a neutralizing effect on hydrogen ions

Question 25

base

Answer 25

a substance that can accept hydrogen ions in water and can neutralize an acid

Question 26

acid

Answer 26

any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance.