Chapter 2

Question 1

Affordance

Answer 1

An opportunity or threat provided by a situation

Question 2

Attention

Answer 2

The process of consciously focusing on aspects of our environment or ourselves

Question 3

Attitudes

Answer 3

Favorable or unfavorable evaluations of a particular person, object, event, or idea

Question 4

Automaticity

Answer 4

The ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance once it’s put into motion

Question 5

Chronically accessible

Answer 5

The state of being easily activated, or primed, for use

Question 6

Collectivistic culture

Answer 6

A culture that socializes its membersto think of themselves in terms of their relationships and as members of the larger social group, and to prioritize the concerns of their relationship partners and groups before their own

Question 7

Counterfactual thinking

Answer 7

The process of imagining alternative, “might have been” versions of actual events

Question 8

Descriptive norms

Answer 8

A norm that defines what behaviors people typically perform in a given situation

Question 9

Emotions

Answer 9

Relatively intense feelings characterized by physiological arousal and complex cognitions

Question 10

Exemplar

Answer 10

A mental representation of a specific episode, event, or individual

Question 11

Goal

Answer 11

A desired outcome; something one wishes to achieve or accomplish

Question 12

Individualistic culture

Answer 12

A culture that socializes its members to think of themselves as individuals and to give priority to their personal goals

Question 13

Injunctive norm

Answer 13

A norm that describes what is commonly approved or disapproved in a situation

Question 14

Moods

Answer 14

Relatively long-lasting feelings that are diffused and not directed toward particular targets

Question 15

Motivation

Answer 15

The forces that moves people toward desired outcomes

Question 16

Motive

Answer 16

A high-level goal fundamental to social survival

Question 17

Person-situation fit

Answer 17

The extent to which a person and a situation are compatible

Question 18

Pluralistic ignorance

Answer 18

The phenomenon in which people in a group misperceive the beliefs of others because everyone acts inconsistently with their beliefs

Question 19

Priming

Answer 19

The process of activating knowledge or goals, of making them ready for use

Question 20

Reflected appraisal process

Answer 20

The process through which people come to know themselves by observing or imagining how others view them

Question 21

Schema

Answer 21

A mental representation capturing the general characteristics of a particular class of episodes, events, or individuals

Question 22

Self-perception process

Answer 22

The process through which people observe their own behavior to infer internal characteristics such as traits, abilities, and altitudes

Question 23

Self-esteem

Answer 23

Our attitude toward ourselves

Question 24

Self-presentation

Answer 24

The process through which we try to control the impressions people form of us; synonymous with impression management

Question 25

Self-concept

Answer 25

A mental representation capturing our views and beliefs about ourselves

Question 26

Socialization

Answer 26

The process whereby a culture teaches its members about its beliefs, customs, habits, and language

Question 27

Self-regulation

Answer 27

The process through which people select, monitor, and adjust their strategies in an attempt to reach their goals

Question 28

Social comparison

Answer 28

The process through which people come to know themselves by comparing their abilities, attitudes, and beliefs with those of others

Question 29

Scripted situations

Answer 29

A situation in which certain events are expected to occur in a particular sequence