Chapter 2

Question 1

plasma membrane

Answer 1

boundary fence and security gate; forms the boundary of the cell and selectively allows materials to pass into and out of the cell

Question 2

ribosomes

Answer 2

assembly line and produces proteins

Question 3

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

part of the production division; rough ER produces proteins and smooth ER metabolizes lipids and stores calcium

Question 4

golgi apparatus

Answer 4

packaging and shipping division; packages proteins for use either within or outside of the cell

Question 5

lysosomes

Answer 5

janitorial crew and recycling center; break down used proteins and other cellular debris

Question 6

mitochondria

Answer 6

power plant and makes energy

Question 7

peroxisomes

Answer 7

toxic waste treatment facility; they neutralize and remove toxic substances within the cell

Question 8

cytoskeletal elements

Answer 8

form the framework and infrastructure of the building; they maintain cell shape and structure and transport materials within the cell

Question 9

simple diffusion

Answer 9

passes freely through the lipid bilayer

Question 10

osmosis

Answer 10

diffusion of water molecules across a membrane

Question 11

facilitated diffusion

Answer 11

substances can cross plasma membrane only by means of specific transport mechanism that use the integral proteins to carry or pump molecules across the membrane

Question 12

active transport

Answer 12

requires energy, moves molecules across plasma membrane against their concentration gradient

Question 13

endocytosis

Answer 13

large particles and macromolecules enter cells

Question 14

phagocytosis

Answer 14

“cell eating”, cell engulfs a large particle

Question 15

pinocytosis

Answer 15

“cell drinking”, infolding of he plasma membrane carries drop of extracellular fluid containing solutes

Question 16

cytokinesis

Answer 16

“cells moving apart”