Chapter 2 Flashcards
The body is made up of _ naturally occurring elements. Just __, which are: ___, ____, ____, ___ , make up 96% of its mass.
26
just 4 make up 96%: CHON
What defines an inorganic compound?
- lack carbon (most of the time)
- structurally simple (only a few atoms, no complex functions)
- ionic or covalent bonds
Give examples of inorganic compounds.
CO2 Bicarbonate (HCO3-) Water Salts Acids Bases
What is this process called: when inorganic salts, acids, or bases, separate into ions and become surrounded by water.
dissociation
What is: a substance that dissociates into one or more H+ ions and one or more anions.
an acid
What is: a substance that dissociates into cations and anions, neither of which is H+ or OH-?
a salt
Acids & bases react with one another to form…
salt & water
At a pH of 7, what is the relationship between H+ and OH- ions in a solution?
they are equal
What are the chemical formulas for carbonic acid and bicarbonate?
HCO3- (bicarbonate)
H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
The most important protein for the protein buffer system is ___, found in ____.
hemoglobin, RBCs
Phosphate buffer systems are most important in ___ fluid & ___.
intracellular fluid & urine
What defines organic compounds?
- Always contain carbon
- Have covalent bonds
- Usually contain hydrogen
- Relatively large
- Carry out complex functions
Macromolecules are produced in cells from monomers via ___, and broken down via ____.
dehydration synthesis or polymerization
hydrolysis
Organic compounds make up __% of the body’s mass
40%
The two principal subclasses of eicosanoids (which are derived from ___) are:
prostaglandins & leukotrienes
derived from arachidonic acid
What are the 6 types of protein classifications?
structural regulatory contractile immunological transport catalytic
There are _ essential amino acids and __ non-essential. Amino acids are synthesized via ____.
10, 10
transamination
What kind of bond is found between two amino acids?
covalent (peptide) bond
What determines the primary structure of proteins?
genetics
Proteins can be denatured by:
altered temperature, pH, or electrolyte concentration
Enzymes consist of:
apoenzyme (protein portion) & cofactor (non-protein part - usually metal ion or organic molecule called a coenzyme)
What is the pH of gastric juice?
1.2-3.0
What is the pH of vaginal fluid?
3.5-4.5
What is the pH of semen?
7.20-7.60
What is the pH of pancreatic juice? Is bile more or less basic?
7.1-8.2
more basic
What is the most abundant buffer system in the body???
PROTEINS!
Increased O2 in the blood will make it more acidic/alkaline.
alkaline
T/F: Normally, the connective and epithelial tissues are always adjacent to each other
true
