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AP Board Exam Review > Chapter 14 - Brain + Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Brain + Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

The cerebellum is the ____ largest part of the brain.

A

second

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2
Q

What three structures compose the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

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3
Q

The falx cerebri separates the…
The falx cerebelli separates the…
And the tentorium cerebelli separates the…

A

falx cerebri separates 2 cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebelli separates 2 cerebellar hemispheres
tentorium cerebelli separates cerebrum from cerebellum

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4
Q

The brain receives approximately ___% of total blood supply.

A

20%

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5
Q

Which two arteries carry blood to the brain?

A

internal carotid + vertebral

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6
Q

What vein carries blood away from the brain?

A

internal jugular vein (which also receives drained CSF from the transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV)

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7
Q

The internal carotid artery supplies the ___ part of the Circle of Willis, while the vertebral artery supplies the ____ part.

A

internal carotid: anterior

vertebral: posterior (vertebrobasilar artery)

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8
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is drawn from the _____ through the _____ cells into the ventricles.

A

drawn from the choroid plexuses through the ependymal cells

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9
Q

What spaces can CSF be found in?

A

ventricles
central canal of spinal cord
subarachnoid space

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10
Q

Where is CSF reabsorbed?

A

the arachnoid villi in the dural venous sinuses (mainly in the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses)

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11
Q

At what rate is CSF both produced and absorbed?

A

20ml/hour

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12
Q

The descending motor tracts travel through the ____ of the medulla, which are found anteriorly/posteriorly.

A

PYRAMIDS

ANTERIORLY

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13
Q

Which ventricle is found in the upper medulla oblongata?

A

4th

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14
Q

The gustatory, cochlear, and vestibular nuclei are found in the…

A

medulla oblongata

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15
Q

The medulla contains nuclei for 5 cranial nerves, which are…

A

VIII to XII (8-12)

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16
Q

Information in and out of the cerebellum to the medulla oblongata travels through which cerebellar peduncles?

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncles

17
Q

The pontine respiratory nuclei contain the ____ and ____ areas.

A

pneumotaxic and apneustic

18
Q

Through which cerebellar peduncles does information travel between the cerebellum and the pons?

A

Middle cerebellar peduncles

19
Q

The vestibular nuclei are found in the ____ for cranial nerve ___.

A

pons, VIII

20
Q

The cerebral aqueduct connects the __ and ___ ventricles and is also called the aqueduct of the ____.

A

3rd & 4th

aqueduct of the midbrain

21
Q

The midbrain contains the ___ peduncles.

A

cerebral peduncles

22
Q

Where are the cerebral peduncles?

A

midbrain

23
Q

Loss of neurons in the ____ is associated with Parkinsons

A

substantia nigra

24
Q

The red nucleus of the midbrain contains lots of iron-containing pigment and rich blood supply. It helps control…

A

voluntary movements of the limbs

25
Q

The colliculi (superior & inferior) of the midbrain are also called the…

A

corpora quadrigemina

26
Q

The superior colliculi of the midbrain coordinate… with …

A

eye movements with visual stimuli

27
Q

The inferior colliculi (of the midbrain) coordinate… with…

A

head movements with auditory stimuli

28
Q

The cerebellum contains about __ % of the neurons in the brain!

A

50%

29
Q

The anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum control…

A

subconscious aspects of skeletal movement

30
Q

The flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum contributes to…

A

equilibrium and balance

31
Q

The 3rd ventricle is enclosed within the…

A

diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)

32
Q

80% of the diencephalon is made up of the…

A

thalamus

33
Q

The thalamus contains __ pairs of nuclei that relay all sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex, EXCEPT…

A

7 pairs

except smell

34
Q

The epithalamus consists of the __ and ___.

A

pineal gland (melatonin) and habenacular nuclei (emotional responses to odours)

35
Q

The limbic system triggers behaviours appropriate to environmental circumstances and is involved in ___ and memory. Emotional response is based on input from the…

A

olfaction

cerebral cortex (understanding of the situation)

36
Q

Differentiate the tectum and tegmentum.

A

tegmentum: anterior midbrain containing several CN nuclei
tectum: posterior midbrain (with superior & inferior colliculi)

37
Q

T/F: the inferior cerebellar peduncle connects the inferior part of the brainstem (medulla oblongata) with the cerebellum

A

True

38
Q

T/F: Middle cerebellar peduncle connects the pons with the cerebellum

A

True

39
Q

T/F: Superior cerebellar peduncle connects the midbrain to the cerebellum.

A

True

AP Board Exam Review (13 decks)

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