Chapter 14 - Brain + Cranial Nerves Flashcards
The cerebellum is the ____ largest part of the brain.
second
What three structures compose the diencephalon?
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
The falx cerebri separates the…
The falx cerebelli separates the…
And the tentorium cerebelli separates the…
falx cerebri separates 2 cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebelli separates 2 cerebellar hemispheres
tentorium cerebelli separates cerebrum from cerebellum
The brain receives approximately ___% of total blood supply.
20%
Which two arteries carry blood to the brain?
internal carotid + vertebral
What vein carries blood away from the brain?
internal jugular vein (which also receives drained CSF from the transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV)
The internal carotid artery supplies the ___ part of the Circle of Willis, while the vertebral artery supplies the ____ part.
internal carotid: anterior
vertebral: posterior (vertebrobasilar artery)
Cerebrospinal fluid is drawn from the _____ through the _____ cells into the ventricles.
drawn from the choroid plexuses through the ependymal cells
What spaces can CSF be found in?
ventricles
central canal of spinal cord
subarachnoid space
Where is CSF reabsorbed?
the arachnoid villi in the dural venous sinuses (mainly in the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses)
At what rate is CSF both produced and absorbed?
20ml/hour
The descending motor tracts travel through the ____ of the medulla, which are found anteriorly/posteriorly.
PYRAMIDS
ANTERIORLY
Which ventricle is found in the upper medulla oblongata?
4th
The gustatory, cochlear, and vestibular nuclei are found in the…
medulla oblongata
The medulla contains nuclei for 5 cranial nerves, which are…
VIII to XII (8-12)
Information in and out of the cerebellum to the medulla oblongata travels through which cerebellar peduncles?
Inferior cerebellar peduncles
The pontine respiratory nuclei contain the ____ and ____ areas.
pneumotaxic and apneustic
Through which cerebellar peduncles does information travel between the cerebellum and the pons?
Middle cerebellar peduncles
The vestibular nuclei are found in the ____ for cranial nerve ___.
pons, VIII
The cerebral aqueduct connects the __ and ___ ventricles and is also called the aqueduct of the ____.
3rd & 4th
aqueduct of the midbrain
The midbrain contains the ___ peduncles.
cerebral peduncles
Where are the cerebral peduncles?
midbrain
Loss of neurons in the ____ is associated with Parkinsons
substantia nigra
The red nucleus of the midbrain contains lots of iron-containing pigment and rich blood supply. It helps control…
voluntary movements of the limbs
The colliculi (superior & inferior) of the midbrain are also called the…
corpora quadrigemina
The superior colliculi of the midbrain coordinate… with …
eye movements with visual stimuli
The inferior colliculi (of the midbrain) coordinate… with…
head movements with auditory stimuli
The cerebellum contains about __ % of the neurons in the brain!
50%
The anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum control…
subconscious aspects of skeletal movement
The flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum contributes to…
equilibrium and balance
The 3rd ventricle is enclosed within the…
diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)
80% of the diencephalon is made up of the…
thalamus
The thalamus contains __ pairs of nuclei that relay all sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex, EXCEPT…
7 pairs
except smell
The epithalamus consists of the __ and ___.
pineal gland (melatonin) and habenacular nuclei (emotional responses to odours)
The limbic system triggers behaviours appropriate to environmental circumstances and is involved in ___ and memory. Emotional response is based on input from the…
olfaction
cerebral cortex (understanding of the situation)
Differentiate the tectum and tegmentum.
tegmentum: anterior midbrain containing several CN nuclei
tectum: posterior midbrain (with superior & inferior colliculi)
T/F: the inferior cerebellar peduncle connects the inferior part of the brainstem (medulla oblongata) with the cerebellum
True
T/F: Middle cerebellar peduncle connects the pons with the cerebellum
True
T/F: Superior cerebellar peduncle connects the midbrain to the cerebellum.
True
