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MCAT physics > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

force

A

an interaction of some sort that can cause an object to accelerate

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2
Q

units for force

A

Newton (N) = SI unit

N = kg•m/s2

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3
Q

gravitational force

A

this force acts on mass at a distance

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4
Q

electromagnetic force

A

most likely to appear in electrostatic problems

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5
Q

contact/pushing force

A

force you can exert by pushing an object horizontally

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6
Q

normal force

A

the force that surfaces exert in response to gravity

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7
Q

friction

A

the force that pushes back against horizontal movement

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8
Q

tension

A

the force exerted on an ideal string

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9
Q

centripetal force

A

any force that makes an object follow a curved path

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10
Q

force applied to strings

A

Hooke’s law (F = -kx)

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11
Q

Newton’s first law

A

statment about inertia

within a reference frame, an object remains at rest or at a constant velocity unless an external force acts upon it

Fnet = 0 at equilibrium

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12
Q

Newton’s second law

A

defines force

Fnet = m•a

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13
Q

Newton’s third law

A

how forces come in pairs

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Fab = -Fba

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14
Q

free-body diagram

A

representation of all the forces acting on an object

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15
Q

center of mass using reference point when more than 1 mass is being studied

A

xcenter= m1x1 + m2x2…/ m1 + m2…

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16
Q

static friction

A

applies when we are pushing an object and it doesn’t move because the applied force is less than a threshold that is defined as Fmax= µsNs where µs is the coefficient of static friction and N is the normal force of the object

Fapplied less than or equal to Fmax

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17
Q

kinetic friction

A

once the object is put into motion Fmax is greater than Fmax (=µsN)

kinetic friction is a specific property of the material an object is made out of and the surface an object is sliding across

remains constant as the applied force increases and is present if the applied force suddenly stops

Fkinetic= µkN

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18
Q

air resistance (drag)

A

opposes the direction of the objects motion

affected by density of the air, velocity of the object, cross-sectional area of the object, and a drag coefficient’eventually drag will equal the force of gravity so it can no longer accelerate = terminal velocity

19
Q

box on incline plane

A

F = ma

20
Q

force of gravity between 2 objects

A

Fgrav= G(m1m2/r2)

21
Q

centripetal acceleration is

A

a = v2/r

Fc = mg = mv2/r which simplifies to g = v2/r

22
Q

Hooke’s law

A

Fspring= -kx

k is the spring constant and is unique for each spring and has units of N/m

greater k units mean that more force is necessary to deform a spring by a certain amount = stiffer

23
Q

torque

A

t= F•d•sin(theta)

torque refers to rotational force. caused by force applied to a lever arm at a certain distance from an object capable of rotating around a fulcrum

24
Q

3 ways torque can be increased

A

increased force, increased distance from the fulcrum, and as close to 90 degrees as possible

25
Q

direction of torque

A

Counterclockwise is the positive rotation direction of torque

clockwise is the negative direction of torque

26
Q

energy

A

what accomplishes work

27
Q

work is defined in units of

A

Joules

28
Q

1 J =

A

N•m (1 Newton of force applied across 1 meter)

29
Q

1N = 1kg•m/s2 then 1J =

A

1 kg•m/s2/s2

30
Q

work is a what kind of quantity

A

vector quantity

31
Q

Work =

A

F•d•cos(theta)

  • occasions where sine will be used
32
Q

conservative forces

A
  • path independent
  • the amount of work done by a conservative force does not depend on its path
  • care about displacement for conservative forces
33
Q

types of conservative forces

A
  • graviation
  • electromagnetic forces
  • spring forces
34
Q

non-conservative forces

A
  • exacting a certain energetic cost per distance
  • path-dependent
35
Q

types of non-conservative forces

A
  • air resistance
  • friction
36
Q

work = force • distance only works for?

A
  • constant forces
37
Q

area under the curve of a force vs displacement graph =

A

work

38
Q

for ramps, the ideal mechanical advantage can be calculated by:

A

MA = length of incline/ heigh of incline

39
Q

Fin • din =

A

Fout • dout

40
Q

Power

A

work divided by time

41
Q

units of power

A

Watts = J/s

42
Q

work also equals

A

P • (deltaV)

43
Q

idea of power is?

A
  • essentially that a given amount of work could be expended either quickly or slowly, and that a system capable of doing so quickly is more “powerful”
44
Q

Power also equals

A

F•v (velocity) and can be applied to situations where energy must be applied to keep an object travelling at a certain velocity despite the presence of a force opposing that motion, such as friction

MCAT physics (12 decks)

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