Chapter 19 Vocab

Question 0

Open Field System

Answer 0

A medieval farming system where peasant farmers farm one land as a community. No dividers or fences.

Question 1

Famine Foods

Answer 1

The foods eaten by a desperate population. Includes food such as chestnuts, bark, and grass in order to escape starvation

Question 2

Fallow

Answer 2

Inactive; unproductive( refers to soil)

Question 3

Common Lands

Answer 3

The public meadows maintained by villages and shared for public use.

Question 4

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 4

Period of time from the mid 17th century on in Europe. A time where agricultural progress was made and the fallow gradually eliminated. Production of food rose dramatically. Farming was made easier and faster

Question 5

Crop rotation

Answer 5

System where farmers rotate the crops grown in each field to avoid depleting the soil

Question 6

Enclosure

Answer 6

Process of closing off and fencing land. Individual share of pastures meant to make farming more efficient

Question 7

Proletarianization

Answer 7

The transformation of large number of small peasant farmers into landless rural wage earners. Skilled craftsman turn into unskilled factory workers

Question 8

Jethro Tull

Answer 8

English inventor. Advocated use of horses over oxen. Developed seed drill and selective breeding

Question 9

Tenant Farmers

Answer 9

Farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent in either cash or crops

Question 10

Cottage Industry

Answer 10

A method of production in which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes. Wage workers and hand tools preceded the emergence of large scale factory working

Question 11

Putting-out system

Answer 11

System of merchant capitalists giving raw material to cottage workers for processing and payment that was fully developed in England. More general= 18th Century Rural industry

Question 12

John Kay’s Flying Shuttle

Answer 12

Invention used for weaving. Replaced the loom.

Question 13

Asiento

Answer 13

Britain’s privilege to transport 4,500 slaves a year into Spanish-Latin America. Britain’s first entry into Spanish-American market

Question 14

Treaty of Paris

Answer 14

1763- Between Britain as France. Ended French/Indian War

Question 15

Plantation

Answer 15

Huge farms that required a large labor force to grow crops

Question 16

Atlantic Slave Trade

Answer 16

Millions of slaves were transported across the Atlantic to work on plantations in America and the Caribbean region

Question 17

Creoles

Answer 17

People born in Latin America with either Spanish or Portuguese parents

Question 18

Debt Patronage

Answer 18

A system that bound labored into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer

Question 19

Mestizos

Answer 19

A person of mixed Native American/European decent

Question 20

Adam Smith

Answer 20

Scottish Economist. Wrote “Wealth of Nations” and designed modern capitalism and laissez-faire economics.

Question 21

The Wealth of Nations

Answer 21

Written by Adam Smith in 1744. Defended free-market economy and stated the three laws if economy.

Question 22

Invisible Hand

Answer 22

Phrase coined by Adam Smith. Describes the process that turns self-directed gain it’ll social/economical benefits for all.

Question 23

Economic Liberalism

Answer 23

Based on Adam Smith’s writings. Belief of free trade and competition. Suggests the invisible hand of free competition would benefit all, rich and poor. Suggests that government should minimize their regulation as control over work and trade

Question 24

Laissez-Faire

Answer 24

Opposes government interference in economic affairs aside from the minimum maintenance.